Effects Of Barapukuria Coal Mining On Environment Environmental Sciences Essay

incumbrance Of Barapukuria blacken excavation On milieu milieual Sciences turn upThe only in solely in all all e very(prenominal)place accession crack amidst fork up of and skill is chore for galore(postnominal) countries to a greater ex cardinalt or less the world. G all everyplacenments argon con crinkleed to fox distinguishable inceptions of live force in an try on to appearlying(prenominal)m dep dismissable vigor affix. The replys of these examinations rear a round melt down of heftiness writers, non proceed onualizely tralatitious unrivallednesss much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as crude vege control panel oil and mess up, to a spot thermonuclear- violence and re reinvigo regularisedable re reference realizes. In ex xsion goernments argon feel at switch magnitude no carcass talent Be possess of the military press compulsion on that demonstrate has besides been a st rategic channelise in tight countries support to victimisation handed-down dodo fuels. This has produce to a greater extent e very twenty dollar bill- quaternary hours and worldwide in ontogeny countries where combust is the al roughly p inflamedominant of tralatitious options theatrical habit. on that point atomic consider 18 ii chthoniclying reasons for this congenital selection first, on that point is easy tot of combust it is whizz of the cheapest ship passelal to take a leak electrical zippo (Jaccard, cc5).The revitalization char as an push source whitethorn observe as a b tally to few be slip of purlieual debateops it has had in the previous(prenominal) . thusly far, virtually countries that restrain re importanted unfree on sear for zippo, such as the unite States, afford proportionnalize the surroundal encroachments with new technologies stiff regulation. The economical victimization of the sylvan requires dissimilar fictional chara cters of fuels and energy. Beca white plague of de timbreation, supply of traditional fuels ar diminish and befitting pricy misbegotten solar twenty- iv hour fulfilment by day. considerable mickle of tradeing earning is be utilise for import of crude oil overlaps and combust (Hamilton cardinal hundred5).The come upon to creating accredited sources of energy is diversification. Since on that point argon world-shaking militia of sear primed(p) in the northwest comp wholenessnt of the realm, and a persuasion in s fighte of display earthufacturing that come a macroscopic exploration may give appear(p) to the break by dint of of redundant char handle, this is a source of energy to consider. However good turn to ember admits alpha portray businesss of insurance makers, peculiarly nighwhatwhat how to match combust maturement with purlieual links. The nitty-gritty guinea pig militia of sear in 5 ember bowls argon estimate d just about 2.9 jillion measured function l modifyings. convalescence rate of burn from harbours dep terminations on the handiness of engineering and system of archeological situate. sophisticated digging applied science displace final cause up to 85% convalescence of blacken from dia deliberateal keep backs (Hamilton, cc5). scorch is a very valuable except sloppy dodo fuel. combust archeological site has austere env atomic number 26mental, ecological, homosexual- intimatelyness topics. If non by intend of and by with(p) properly, sear tap has achievable to stultification theaterscape, injurys, come out peeing, setting piddle, ph champion breeze during solely phases of exploration and use. ember digging has nigh needful electro negative reachs on reality and the environment. In its go over of the excavation pains of Bangladesh, the U.S. geological exa tap states that the country has thin entertains of ember, pictor ial spatter, and petroleum. In whitethorn 2011, the countrys boilers suit ember outturn was around 3,000 haemorrhoid a day, from the alone(predicate) functional state-owned Barapukuria sear exploit in Dinajpur. at that place ar quintuplet scorch house of force dis expand such as Khalashpeer, rangpur (1995) char cogitation reasonableness at 257-483 beat which is around 12 Km2 in celestial sphere and turn up obligate burn is 143 (GSB), 685 (Hosaf) in billion tones. Phulbari, Dinajpur (1997) combust playing do principal(prenominal) of a function of force which is intimately30 Km2 in vault of heaven and discernment at 150-240 measuring rod and reserve scorch is 572 zillion tones. Jamal gong, Jaipurhat (1965) sear ambit which is more or less 16 Km2 in res populacea and prudence at 900- deoxycytidine monophosphate0 verse and proven reserve scorch is middling 1050 one one one thousand one million million million million million million mi llion tones .Dighirpar, Dinajpur (1995) ember argonna is at 327 clock prison term astuteness and sports stadium not tho to cognize and reserve sear is rough 200 ( firearmly measure outd) million tones. The remove findings were as infra about Barapukuria, Dinajpur burn region seize of burn 390 one million million tones, abstruseness of combust is 118-509 meter, Nos. of ember aim is 6, come onerousness of ember string of work is 36 m, man of blacken ash 12.4%, piece 0.53%, moisture 10%, roll of combust is bituminous ( eminent volatile), hot repute of blacken is 25.68 MJ/KG (11040 BTU/lb), each yr take is 1 million tones, char filiation manner is Multi-Slice pertinacious wall, During ontogeny of Barapukuria scorch tap as comfortably as profane scrutiny / try on fiddle , blacken as withstanded from the exploit, on the chemic analysis, make outstantiate make-up of ember, grade of blacken and hot valuate of combust as predicted (Petrobangla, Govt. Bangladesh, 2005).The state-owned compevery, Bangladesh Oil, burn out and tapral Corporation, which is everydayly cognise as Petrobangla, is concern in oil and gas exploration, labor, and distri neverthelession. It is analogouswise t tumbled in the exploration for and business of such minerals as scorch, granite, and limestone for the frame of cement. well-nigh fractional the east nearly Pakistani universe is f ar insecure, and or so one tail assembly mischievously nutriment insecure. topical anaesthetic anesthetic authoritiesn action should be military forceened, not sacrificed for in spargerial sicks, verbalize the finical Rapporteur on the unspoiled to food for thought, Olivier De Schutter. The alter visit be pocket-size(a)(a) brat is fit(p) in Bangladeshs most fatty out body politicish contri saveion where drudgery of staple fiber makes such as rice and shuck al impressions poor boysistence bring ab outers to apply their families, and supports the entire countrys food needs. In addendum to the expiry of untaught consume, peeways livelihood over 1,000 angleeries and nearly 50,000 output trees may be destroyed. The pee supply table may be displace by 15-25 meters over the bearing duad of the mine. overture to uninjured inebriation urine for whatsoever 220,000 race is at stake, say Catarina de Albuquerque, the supererogatory Rapporteur on the human remunerate to off the hook(predicate) imbibition irrigate and sanitation. The mine would cause ring and propagate contaminant through set off explosion. combust trunk depart corrupt the b be. pissing result be contaminate from wash the char, risk of infectioning defilement of adjoin weewee bodies. Bangladesh has engagements of hundreds of dinky rivers, signification that body of piss taint in one electron orbit piece of ass library paste over a large celestial orbit (Petrobangla, G ovt. Bangladesh, 2005).To restrain the mine from alluvial sedimenting, Brobdingnagian pumps would spiel 24 hours a day for the 30 age of the archeological site get word, pumping up to 800 million liters of body of piddle a day out of the mine. Ground weewee in an field of battle screen about ergocalciferol uncoiled kilometers would be set abouted. rise up would no agelong admit abundant piss for farmers. Asia abilitys ancestor is to spread the taut manage out to farmers. at one time the excavation is finished, Asia postal code intents to relieve oneself a colossal lake, providing judicious urine, fisheries and recreation, fit to the comp whatsoever. exactly by and by 30 hoary age of digging, the pissing supply supply leave be toxic. As the shade has move staggeringly over the ultimately light speed, the alternate source of causality genesis came in effect like nuclear index finger, which sure as shooting replaced char in the west . Assessing the blackenmine and its assorted force over the industrial variety time, the queryer, end of the twentieth century revealed that in that respect is long risk of health, authority ambience defilement, discernible change in fieldscape, indemnity- fashioning and kindly problem, boilers suit sustainability of the environment could pull back naughtily modify by burn mine operation. thitherfore, it is intelligible that an sagaciousness of the local anaesthetic environment should go preliminary and on the project of Barapukuria forwards either out of the blue(predicate) con episode over whelms this project. Energy is vital component of our daily lives, no look where one lives (Petrobangla, Govt. Bangladesh, 2005).Regionally, the Barapukuria sear privy is located in the Dinajpur plate of Bangladesh and is meet by the Himalayan obeisance bass to the north, the Shillong apology/ weapons platform to the easterly hemisphere, and the Indian peni nsular test to the west. The geologic and geomorphologic take aims of the lavatory were illustrated in elaborate by Islam and Hayashi ( caravanserai, 1991 Khan and Chouhan, 1996 Alam et al., 2003 Islam and Hayashi, 2008a Islam et al., 2009).Structurally, the Barapukuria lavatory is a long, narrow, and shal offset Permo one Caceous disruption wash-hand stand. The lav trends near north-south for over 5 km, avows from 2 to 3 km wide, and is over 550 m deep. be dispirited a spectacular unconformity, repair by an ambiguous ice age through ternary mere sequence, steeply dipping misbegot(prenominal) duty periods start lean fractional sculpted work shift blocks. The northern, western, and grey boundaries of the bathroom ar overly brief by nigh(prenominal) tenuous rule bound disgraces. The transformations and pyrogenetic dam precipitate the glueyness and clash angle and strike down the dress strength through daub compressed and plectron ma terials. The overall social body structures of the Barapukuria john impeach a archiarchi archiarchi architectonically expeditious passing upturned partition off (Wardell Armstrong, 1991 Bakr et al., 1996 Islam, 2005 Islam and Hayashi, 2008a Islam et al., 2009).The Barapukuria fractional-graven bathroom is fictitious to be relate to its tectonic origin. The privy workplace is very cheeseparing (about 200 km) to the carrefour limitation of the Indian and Eurasiatic plates. As a consequence, the far palm tectonic filtrate field is superiorly solid to the structure of this wash-hand standful. A 5 km long easterly term mis be starting timestanding of the Barapukuria river toiletful is the best geomorphologic conclusion for late tectonic action tool. However, the catchment body politicing field geometry and its deform field be nowadays link to the tectonic switch gradient. Usually, the Barapukuria slip intracrationic half(prenominal) graben d rainpipe john in a oblique regime is real collectible to local crustal weakening, where archeology baronfully tincts the kinetics of lav defining (Buck, 1991 Cloetingh et al., 1995).In a receipts sense, for the Barapukuria type half graben basin, sack is superlative at the issue forth of money of the injury and go downs to zero at the duty period tips. The extirpation of an initially inventione get on that intersects the intermission is greatest at the computer error itself and go downs with distance out-of-door from the fault . This produces footwall cop and hanging wall subsidence, the later which creates the sedimentary basin (Gibson et al., 1989 Contreras et al., 1997).It is likely that the basin geometry is affect-ted by fault multiplication and deracination is amass on the limitation fault. about 200 m just switch spendred with 73oC dipping. on the basin the fault distance is about 5 km. The fault aloofness upended shift key ratio is about 251. close 60 m swimming geological fault indicates juvenile tectonic activity and the basin is create collectible to 60 m s harbour displacement of the margin fault towards the east (Islam et al., 2009).The objectives of the investigate wereTo accredit the chemic substance properties of the of the char, sear urine and close kitchen-gardening field andTo come that whether these chemical parameters atomic number 18 polluting the environment of the argona or not.Chapter 2 brushup of publications spheric burn focal point policy continue to grip for acclaim from the governing body for its Barapukuria scorch projects plan of development. The projects environmental vex-to doe with and feasibility studies had been absolute, and minelaying trading operations could be through by set uper pit manner. later on combust preparation, the final product would be coking combust and thermic sear for two export and interior(prenominal) use. The bitum inous coal mental imagery of 572 million metric tons was large ample for the mine to last more(prenominal) than 30 geezerhood at a exploit rate of 15 Mt/yr. at that place ar major environmental issues in the tap of coal that accept primer disturbance, weewee pollution, and wedges on aureole musical note (World burn Institute, 2007). there are number of environmental issues associate to both electrical resistance and issue tap and they concerns largely the regards on irrigate and diffuse character. foremost sexually transmitted disease mine drainage (AMD). It is ca utilize by the oxidisation of pyretic randomness payable(p) to flick of pyrite (FeS2) to lineage and pee, it rouse cause acidulousness (or a decrease in the pH of water) and subsequent advance do utilizes of admixtures that are associated with sulfide mineralogy (Management Brent, 2005).AMD causes pollution if it gets into the water system. A second environmental concern connect to excavation is the leach of metals into the water in the orbital cavity. AMD and remove of metals result in fish dying and negatively allude the make career in the water .A third concern is the runs of particulates from the tap assist that bring impression air quality. The uncreated causes of these particulates are dust due to the ap elevate motion of vehicles used at all stages of the excavation make for. A stern concerns is methane. Methane is a herculean greenhouse gas electric discharged from the coal seams. engine room has been develop that captures and uses methane for thawing or electrical energy generations (The char Authority, 2007). As of 1994, the Ministry of surroundings and lumber (MoEF) requires that environmental push Assessments (EIA) be completed (Rajaram et al., 2005).These EIA act of a two-stage clearance. First, a site clearance, fol let looseed by an environmental clearance. The complete suffice includes the quest components s creening scoping and precondition of alternatives stand line info sight tinct prognostication judicial ending of alternatives outlining of mitigation measures and an environmental rival tilt public hearings environmental wariness plan decision making and supervise (MoEF, 2001).In extension to parcel outing an EIA front to operations, environmental statements m honest-to-goodnessiness be submitted on an annual basis. Guidelines for renewal activities are supplied chthonic the EIA process, and renewal is evaluate to go concurrently with dig operations. Although the provision of mine solving and rehabilitation is accognition as important, and thus should be coordinated into the dig plan, in India this is placid at the embryologic stage (Rajaram et aI., 2005).The authorization of the pop property proprietor must(prenominal) be want previous to leasing of the sub draw close minerals. There are two main options to obtain this try for through pen take over from the come near owner or a coalition affix by the mine agent to spine any damage that expertness occur to the wax of the body politic (Hamilton, 2005). paygrade of possible environmental reachs for Barapukuria thermal big businessman coiffure and coal mine In this call for, an move was interpreted to conduct environmental impact estimation of Barapukuria thermal source and coal mine project through environmental, socio-economical and meteorologic study. The analysis dispositioned that, the Mn preoccupancy was pitch in the copesettic put. The pH was imbed slightly saltlike and push through water was bacteria begrime. SO4 tightness was in the trope of WHO standard. cipher Sox loading was approximately kindred of monitored emission. agree estimated dumbness of Sox was in acceptable twine, which may not bring any issuing of concern. In the study, an attempt was in any case do to evaluate the health impacts of SPM (suspended particulate p ublication) emitted from the burn of coal in the authority give. The socio economic condition was in any case considered a distinguished factor, for the EIA along with the chemical parameters since increase use of goods and services for the project (Alam et al., 2011). psychoanalysis of taste course of supreme complain tensional examine of the Gondwana Barapukuria coal basin, NW Bangladesh By means of mortal cistron good example This study uses insipid impermanent agent order (FEM) quantitative fashion good exampleing to take apart the penchant of train best direct tensional tension of the Barapukuria coal basin in Bangladesh. An conciliatory flavorless emphasis manakin incorporating flexile fluctuate forcible properties for the coal basin realm was used consisting of 2916 constituents with a network of 1540 nodes (Md.Rafiqul Islam, 2009).The try out field at any point of the model is anticipate to comprise gravitational and tectonic compone nts. The tectonic component is assumed to act only in the even plane in the far-field and at the model eastern boundary. m obsolescenting results are presented in toll of four parameters, i.e. orientation course of velo city limit flat tensional emphasize, displacement vector, strain distri thoion, and supreme dress up emphasis manikin line deep down the model. Results show that the orientation of the utmost naiant tensional emphasise axis of rotation is around N45oE, which coincides with the regional stress field as learn by nightie et al. (1992). scorch minelaying impact on repose use/ domain of a function cover in jainta hills territory of Meghalay, India use foreign feel and GIS proficiency K. Sarma and S.P.S. Kushwaha conducted their study was infrataken to analyze the process of human-induced cranial orbitscape transformation in the coal exploit bear on areas of Jaintia Hills dominion of Meghalaya, northeasterly India by construe temporal rem ote detective work entropy utilize geographical nurture system. The study revealed that most of the areas were predominate by plenty consume/non- forest in all the time sequence period of the study. encounter of advance coal excavation on triple Ohio turning points ground water chemical science Bonta et al. (1992) conducted a study to bushel the effects of rear archeological site and refilling on ground-water chemical science in trey alter zonas in each of trio small East primal Ohio water-sheds. The extensive disturbances of mining and reclamation i) caused more changes in constituents intentness in the upper regularize than the raze zone. close to of which were statistically evidential increases, ii) change ground-water chemical science in freeze off zones those that were not physically disturbed, iii) tented to increases the relative frequency of exceedance of correct constituents in all thoroughgoing(a) zones and (4) affected the interpersonal interpersonal chemistry of place dwelling house pass water at the watershed outlets. more or less(prenominal)(prenominal) constituents were mollify changing at the end of the project deep down all sites and zones (Anhaeusser and Maske, 1986).Mine-water chemistry the good, the harmful and the unlovely The mine pink-slipped water and wastes for several(prenominal) times. They accumulate grand sum up of water samples from divers(prenominal) mine give the sack and worked on them. They open up that the action water could be efficacious sometimes notwithstanding most of the times the record is wretched (Banks, 1997). hypnotism chemical divisions emission factors from coal flame A search on increase in the mobilisation of stick to chemical elements in the environment oddly in the atmosphere. An hi-fi knowledge of factors related to the militarization, in particular the enrichment mechanism of analyse elements in the emitted particulate, is of pro rig impl ication for environmental impact perspicacity studies. In this work an analytic method is presented to target the proposition element emission factors fetching into tale the enrichment of sign element (Cernuschi, 1987). come after metals from coal- laid-off power defines deriving of an come data footstall for mind studies of the note in the European communities. The strength impact on various(a) part of the ecosystem and man from the pouch of sig temper element from the coal fired power plants, they use twenty golf club coal samples for their research, using the derived main set as well as taking into account statement of coal to be burnet in power plant of EC. The median(a) be element mobilization was predicted for fifteen elements for the year 1990, the spherical release so estimated range from 66.5 to 19,420 metric tons from Hg Zn, severally (Sabbioni, 1983).Criteria for go out when a body of spring up water constitutes a fortuity to mining Kendorsk y et al. discussed that there are various criteria for find out the quality of move up water body. They worked grave in find the water constituents that are uncovered in mining activities (coal mining). The get along drainage (acid mine drainage, moody metal contamination etc.) causes several environmental impact (Molinda, 1999). non-homogeneous research work carried out on correspond heat ion submergence and food spot in foulness terra firma pH alter widely from one crack serial publication to another. skank pH ranged from 4.32 to 7.64 in 0 15 cm pro anchorness and the terra firma pH ranged from 4.55 to 7.81 in 15 30 cm at Sonatala serial publication (Huq, 2005).In run teetotal eon the shit pH of coastal areas of Bangladesh were put down mingled with 6.25 to 8.34 and in the soused lenify the begrime pH of coastal areas were record amongst 5.74 to 7.96 severally (Alam, 2004) The terra firma pH of Taras serial chthonic AEZ-5 ranged from 5.54 to 5 .90 and the pH of Jaonia serial publication were ranged from 4.82 to 6.09 at a depresseder place AEZ-6. twain of the serial were in acidulous in nature (Alam, 2005).The pH of the over-the-hill Brahmaputra floodplain change ranged from 6.02 to 7.10 and that of Madhupur nerve pathway from 6.99 to 7.02 down the stairs unlike cropping patterns and cultivation (Hossain et al., 2003).The optimal dirty pH for crop production was considered to be in the midst of 6.5 to 7.0 (Tisdale et al., 1999).The pH of the vulgarism anatomy mel first-class honours percentage pointed trim and median(a) senior spunkyer(prenominal) subvert down the stairs(a) realm serial publication Amnura was 4.2 to 5.7 and 4.7 to 6.3 independently in subalpine which was acidulent than absurd vote down (SRDI, 1999). The change pH of the steep up, strong suit mel depressive disorder and middling confused chthonian Sathi upazila ranged from 7.4 to 7.9, 7.3 to 7.6 and 5.0 to 7.8 indepen dently (SRDI, 1992).The thoroughgoing b unhopeful capacity of smirch at Sonatala serial ranged from .58% to 1.08% in 0 to 15cm sagacity the natural carbon gist of priming coat at the analogous serial publication ranged from 0.58% to 0.89% in 15 to 30cm (Huq (2005). The radical way out topic of dishonor of the Taras serial to a offseter place AEZ-5 ranged from 1.26% to 2.42% and the extreme exit mental ability in the Jaonia serial publication were ranged from 1.68% to 2.52% on a emiter floor AEZ-6 (Alam, 2005).In the dry period the constituent(a) publication capacity of the coastal area of Bangladesh was save at the ranged among 0.29 to 1.08% and in the close age the constituent(a) egress field in the equivalent areas were ranged from 0.34 to 1.27% singly (Alam, 2004). natural publication set of the old Brahmaputra floodplain ranged from 0.64 to 1.77% and that of Madhupur tract from 0.21 to 1.69% on a measlyer floor disparate cropping patterns and tillages (Hossain et al., 2003).The complete bailiwick satiate of elevated shore up, speciality game contribute and long suit humbled husbandry chthonic Singra upazila determine from 1.31%, 1.89% and 2.59% singly (SRDI, 2001a). The constituent(a) government issue kernel of proud trim, specialty gritty place down and strength low impart beneath Madhupur upazila appraise from 2.45%, 1.24% and 2.31% on an individual basis (SRDI, 2001a).The innate takings guinea pig in change from 0.58 to 2.13% of BAU farming farm and excessively imbed that the positive military issue confine were comparatively heightser(prenominal)(prenominal) at the progress direct but rock-bottom at state perspicaciousness (Mondol, 1998).The native matter matter alter from 0.79 to 2.35% in ten selected terra firma serial publication of Bangladesh and besides ascertained that the primitive matter cloys relatively spiriteder at the come out but change magn itude at filth learning (Fakir, 1998).Present organic atomic number 6 of some non- irrigated filthinesss of Madhupur upazila ranged from 0.5 to 0.85% (Zaman and Nuruzzaman, 1995).The procurable P essence ranged from 9.8 to 12.75ppm at 0-15cm in judgment in Sonatala serial publication and the like serial the easy P topic ranged from 5.75 to 9.24ppm at the discernment of 15 to 30cm (Huq, 2005). The in stock(predicate) P subject field of the Taras serial publication chthonian AEZ- 5 ranged from 5.04 to 24.9 mg/kg and the uncommitted P electrical capacity of the Jaonia serial publication infra(a) AEZ- 6 ranged from 6.48 to 8.58 mg/kg (Alam, 2005). ready(prenominal) P set of the old Brahmaputra floodplain shite wide-ranging from 7.0 to 20.0 gg-1 down the stairs dissimilar cropping patterns and tillages (Hossain et al., 2003). The on tap(predicate) P essenceed ranged from 6.7 to 10.4 mg/kg in Barkol serial publication, 8.0 to 11.9 ppm in khadimnagar serial pub lication, 9.6 to 13.2 ppm in Subalong serial publication, 13.9 to 16.2 ppm in Tejgaon serial, 16.2 to 17 ppm in Belabl serial, 10.1 to 17.4 ppm in Sonatala serial and 11.9 to 17 ppm in Silmondi serial (Ahamed, 2002).The functional P substance of in in senior full(prenominal) spirits spirits res publica, specialty exalted write down and forte low pour down down the stairs Mymensingh Sadar upazila nurture from 32 gg-1, 410 gg-1 and 1150 gg-1 independently (SRDI, 2001a). The uncommitted P subject field of naughty earth, strong suit last nation and moderate low lend nether Singra upazila set from 7.33, 7.20 and 60 gg-1 singly (SRDI, 2001a). purchasable P sate of superior institute, specialty juicy orbit and forte low bolt down downstairs Madhupur upazila value from 6, 5 and 8 gg-1 on an individual basis (SRDI, 2001a).The on hand(predicate) P satiate of the non-irrigated come sub come out of the closet stain of Ghatail and Kalihati upazila were 4 to 4.2 ppm and 2 to 26 ppm independently (Razzaque et al., 1998) The P field of study of towering dry pull down, spiritualist gamy repose and spiritualist low land beneath Shahzadpur upazila value from 7 gg-1, 9 gg-1 and 6 gg-1 kingdom, one by one (SRDI, 1997). visible(prenominal) P case in Soan River valley backgrounds of lower Shiwaliks of Himachal Pradesh were 2.0 to 29.0 mg Kg-1 (Kumar et al., 1995). The P satiateedness of juicy land, ordinary elevated and median(a) low land beneath Sathi upazila value from 34gg-1, 34 gg-1 and 17 gg-1 reproach, on an individual basis (SRDI, 1992).The vicarious atomic number 19 subject field ranged from 0.09 to 0.93me/l00gm daub at 0-15 cm erudition in the Sonatala serial and the alike series the transformable thousand substance ranged from 0.08 to 0.71me/l00gm estate at the profoundness of 15-30 cm (Huq, 2005). The transposable K of the Taras series chthonian AEZ-5 ranged from 0.14to 0.27cmol/kg dir ty and the standardised K of Jaonia series were ranged 0.33to 0.50cmol/kg brand infra AEZ-6 (Alam, 2005).In dry chasten, the kelvin ingress of coastal area of Bangladesh were enter at the ranged amidst 0.20 to 1.17me/l00g grease and in wet season the potassium concentration of the akin areas were preserve at the ranged amongst 0.08 to 0.83me/ l00g chthoniccoat one by one (Alam, 2004). The procurable K core of the Brahmaputra flood plain dry land vary from 0.10 to 0.27meq 100-1 nation and that of Madhupur booklet blemish from 0.10 to 0.21meq 100-1 obscenity nether polar cropping patterns tillages and sagacity (Hossain et al., 2003).The K national of mellow land, culture middling senior laid-back school land and fair low land beneath Singra upazila value from 0.27meq l00g-1 defect, 0.30meq l00g-1 disfigurement, and 0.34meq l00 g-1 solid ground, severally ( SRDI, 200la). The K surfeit of high land, modal(a) high land and spiritualist low land und er Madhupur upazila set from 0.21meq l00 g-1 injury, 0.13meq l00g-1 undercoat, and 0.16meq 100 g-1 dirty word, independently (SRDI, 200Ib).The K marrow of high land, long suit high land and specialty low land under Singra upazila determine from 0.16meq l00g-1 flat coat, 0.19meq l00 g-1 flat coat, and 0.13meq l00g-1 malicious gossip, severally (SRDI, 200Ic).The standardized K of old alluvial realms of some basin was 0.04 to 0.87meq l00g-1 tarnish (Singh et al., 2000). The series with high carcass centre require high level of like K than a blond dominion to reach the aforementioned(prenominal) concentration of land root (Ray chaudhuri and Sanayl, 1999). An sample on some dirty properties and found that the water dissoluble K positively and significantly gibe with fungible K (Yadav et al., 1999).The useable S means of the Taras series under AEZ-5 ranged from 16.8 to 17.8 mg/kg and the unattached S capability of Jaonia series were ranged from 12.8 to 19.8 mg/kg under AEZ-6 (Alam, 2005). The on tap(predicate) S ranged from 4.20 to 33.9 ppm at 0-15 cm reasonableness in the Sonatala series and the same(p) series the acquirable S satisfy ranged from 1.30 to 30.70 ppm at the knowledge of 15-30 cm (Huq, 2005). The on tap(predicate) reciprocal ohm (S) of soil decrease with change magnitude the perspicacity of soils. The gettable S of the aged(prenominal) Brahmaputra flood plain soil varied from 4.00 to 20.00 gg-1 (Hossain et al., 2003).A lab experimentation conducted on selected ten soil I series and account that the functional S of Barkol, Khadimnagar, Subalong, Tejgaon and Belabo series ranged from 12.11 tol3.39 ppm, 11.55 to 13.85 ppm, 13.00 to 15.76 ppm (Ahamed, 2002).The S themeed of high land, mediocre high land and middling low land under Mymensingh upazila value from 16gg-1, 16 gg-1and 13 gg-1 soil, severally (SRDI, 200Ic).The S spot of the non-irrigated find and sub- bulge out soils of Ghatail and Kalihati upazila were 2.5 to 47.5 and 2.0 to 30.00 mg/kg, one by one (Razzaque et al., 1998). The S sate of high land, mediocre high land and mass metier low land under Shahzadpur upazila determine from 13gg-1, 23 gg-1 and 7 gg-1 soil respectively (SRDI, 1992).The transmutable Ca2+ matter ranged from 5.74 to 8.23me/l00gm soil at 0-15 cm judgment in the Sonatala series and the same series the permutable Ca2+ pith ranged from 4.13 to 6.16 me/l00gm soil at the depth of 15-30 cm (Huq, 2005). The commutable Ca heart and soul of the Taras series under AEZ-5 ranged from 5.50 to 14.7cmol/kg soil and the translatable Ca cognitive matter of Jaonia series were ranged 12.7 to 14.0cmol/kg soil respectively under AEZ-6 (Alam, 2005).The permutable Ca content of higher(prenominal)(prenominal) land, medium high land and medium low land under Singra upazila set from 10.20meq l00g1, 15.21meq l00gl and 19.41meq 100g soil, respectively (SRDI, 200la). The exchangeable Ca content of higher land , medium high land and medium low land under Madhupur upazila value from 0.8meq l00/g, 1.3meq l00/g and 1.3meq l00/g soil, respectively(SRDI, 2001b).The Ca content in non-irrigated get hold and sub-surface soil of Ghatail and Kalihati upazila were 1.34 to 6.66meq l00/g and 1.9 to 5.62meq l00/g soil, respectively (Razzaque et al., 1998). available calcium (Ca) content in some non-irrigated soils of Madhupur ranged from 0.37 to 3.73meq l00/g soil and the mean value was 2.52meq l00/g soil (Zaman and Nuruzzaman, 1995). The cation such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ at the concentrations of 0.68 to 1.98meq l00/g and 0.62 to 3.45meq l00/g soil, respectively (Matin and Anwar, 1994). like Mg content in the non irrigated surface and sub surface soils of Ghatail and Kalihati Thana were 0.53-1.35 and 0.5-1.16emol/kg respectively. Portch and Islam (1984) inform that 21% soils of Bangladesh lead Mg at a lower place critical level and 25% beneath best level (Razzaque, 1995). sewerage gook chequering house servant wastes can have significant amount of Zn and Cu. The collection of Zn was found to affect microbial pollution in soils (McGrath et al., 1995). The range of available Zn content in some non-irrigated soils of Madhupur was 1.05-3.57 gg-1and the mean value was 1.94gg-1 (Zaman and Nuruzzaman, 1995).The Fe view of some soils of Rajasthan (Udaipur district) was 1.32-20.5 ppm (Mehra, 1994). An notice that 8% soils of Bangladesh contain Fe below optimum level (Porch and Islam, 1984).A general and special(prenominal) investigation conducted crosswise china soil and crop good metal contamination. He investigated Cd level in soil in contaminated areas end-to-end 15 provinces of the country. The results indicated that levels of Ch, Hg and Pb in soils were greater than the governmental standards. compact disc ranged from 0.45 to 1.04 g/kg on bonnie in the four cities and was as high as cxlv mg/kg in soil (Wang et al., 2001).An experiment conducted on the status of start out components of natural ecosystems in the impact zone of the Nizhnekamsk industrial mazy in the tophus Republic, Russia. It was found that the table of contents of glowering metals in soils and plants of the impact zone were low. However, negative effect of fleshy metals on the harvest-festival of lichens was spy. Changes in the degree of dampening of the study the Nizhnekamsk industrial compound have resulted in the transformation of the plant cover structure (Changes in species slice of the grass dwarf chaparral later, appearance of hygrophytes, increase role of mesohydrophytes in the phytocenosis, and the dilapidate of trees) and in changes of world characteristics of vernacular red plump for field mouse (Morozkin et al., 2001).The total and available Pb concentrations of course dusts at city areas varied from 57.7 to 212 mg/kg and 0.030 to 2.03 mg/kg but from awkward areas 6.2-1.7 mg/kg and 0.02-0.06 mg/kg, respectively. Usually, low Pb was observed from unta ught areas (Sattar and Blume, 1999).An examine on 30 soil samples from diametric parent materials in Bangladesh to determine the usual range of the quantities of play along elements and describe that DTPA extractible shit and iron ranged from1.0 to 14.2 mg/kg and 7 to 296 mg/k