Discussion of the Play Behind the Beautiful Forevers

give-and-take of the Play Behind the Beautiful ForeversThe romance Behind the Beautiful Forevers is found on the book of the same title written by Katherine Boo. It was fit into a fiddle by David run. It focuses on the lives of two matriarchal families aliment in a slum- Annawadi, which is just next to the Mumbai airport. The slum is surrounded by luxury hotels on whole sides, while it is full of trash that has unbroken on pilling and accumulating over the years. These families in the romance largely represent the absolute majority of the families in Mumbai. Families that stir been let d cause by the governances that were put in place to be of assistance to them, the hatred of the brusque towards virtuoso and only(a) some other and the resilience with which this families withstand all these and stick together byout the difficulties (rabbit 2). The ibn Talal Husseins degree shows how difficult it is to do good in an infirm world where all trunks are corrupt and the individuals are evil. One thusly wonders how the mass at the bottom of the heap of trash can be honest in a world full of bribes and corruption.The system should be where deal run to when they commit problems but that does not revealm to be the case, the affluent are getting it all the privileges apt(p) by the system because they are able to pay for the services offered, while the police wear outt care about the poor people in the slums at all because most of them cannot afford to pay the bribe.Behind the Beautiful Forevers represent Mumbai as a city of contrasts, where immense wealth and extreme leanness are rarely distant. It in like manner shows how corruption in the public institutions and systems tends to damp the biotic communitys quality of life. The play reveals the obstacles to fairness and societal mobility in India. It also shows how young people in Annawadi remain hopeful done their personal philosophies especially in this time of global change. Abdul is th e representation of a generation of young Indians struggling to elevate themselves out of poverty.The setting on full stop truly depicted the lives of the characters, at that place was a motorcycle on stage and a tuk-tuk too which was a typical Indian medium of expatriation and it was even driven on stage. There was use of a severe noise of a plane landing, which brought out the closeness of the slum to the airport. The barefaced roar of the plane drowns the screams of Kalu as hes being attacked and later(prenominal) murdered by two drug dealers, who thought that he had given the police information about them. This was a very dramatic motion-picture show with the noise at its speciousest and the screams from Kalu together with the roaring of the plane set the looking of the play right from the start.As the play began, the shadow of a properly passenger jet flew low over the Olivier stalls, the closeness of its very loud roar made the scalp tighten. Then, like a deluge of bl essings, a cascade of used plastic bottles dropped from the skies. A pack of scavengers with their cardboard scoops went into a frenzied overdrive. This clearly depicts the huge gap between the affluent and the poor in Mumbai. The rich fly above the poor and leave them scrambling for their go away over without a care of what is going on below them.David coney while writing the play did not identify a whizz main character to pivot and plot the play around. This I look at was a calculated risk he decided to take as the play has various characters that we have to get a hold of and there are also many stories to tell, the play thus keeps rotating on each(prenominal) one of the characters lives and the struggles they go done as individuals and also as a family unit, especially when the one legged Fatima due to her green-eyed monster of the Husains relative prosperity, inflicts burn wound on herself and later accuses them of being responsible for her injuries.As with most stories t hat have a squiffy intelligence of place the play opened up to universal mind. The play created tension between the perception of the situation and the energy of the place this is because the sense of shabbiness was not because of the awful things that were happening to Husains family through the play or the poverty in Annawadi. The Husain family actually at this difficult time, depicted resilience in the face of the problems that later followed, by and by the one legged womanhood blamed their family for her injuries.Their integrity came under scrutiny the family fortune was wiped out by the grasping justice system as they struggle to clear their name and we see a corrupt system where one has to pay a lot of money to see their own charge sheet. We have a glimpse of the corrupt nature of the jural system and the essential injustices of a society in which the poor repeatedly blame equally poor individuals for their misfortunes. The Husain family thus far shows an extraordinary story of hope, despair and the unity in and strong ties in the family unit.The writer David Hare portrays the compromises the individuals in the play have to make in order to resist and have and get to the top of the heap with flashes of compassion and understanding, so that the auditory sense actually relates to the cast. For instance Asha having to sleep around in order for her miss to get an education. The Husains having to pay the officer at the station just to see their charge sheet and due to the bribes they keep giving they lose all they worked so hard to build. They are back at the bottom where they started.The darkness is because of the one thing that both the poor have learned, though in different ways and contexts but nevertheless the same thing, that the road to gaiety and success involves mistreating and trampling over other people. It is this dark thought that pollutes the straits and pollinates the minor and small sins done by individuals and leads them to escal ate and the tragedy multiplies.The adults have been depicted as having learned the wrong lesson this left the children as the sore untainted individuals in Annawadi. The young people in the play representing the young person in India, were shown as being the future of the country. The future where there go out be no corruption as they could not stand for it or condone it. As is today the young people do not believe in corruption, they stand against the vice and even hold demonstrations in the streets to protests against it. The young people can now hold the public institutions accountable for any misappropriation or abuse of office.Public offices still subtly favor a certain section of members in the society, because of their contribution to one or two of the organizations projects, it however is not as rampant and if one is found out they could definitely be prosecuted. and then the young people in the play represent the views of the young people in the world right now.This cha racter in the young people was however often regarded to as an act of revolt throughout the play we saw, Abdul round up on an officer who was asking for money in order to abort his fathers trial, Manju who has hopes of being the first woman in Annawadi to gain a degree also rejects the means through which her mother employs to pay for her education. Meena, Sunil and Kehkashan are also not left backside as they are also shown as being perceptive with an unbending, understanding of something they couldnt get themselves to voice. Abdul brings together an energy that was out of control in the slum area and gets rid of the darkness engulfing them. This might well have been the start of something or nothing really but at least(prenominal) it was the moment the play was more than a vicious cycle that one was unable to escape from.In as much as David Hare has done his best to get the most important themes from the book and push button the play as the book is, there are a fewer things th at we still miss from the book. For instance the play does not show Ashas involvement in the local politics which was always the driving haul behind her ambitiousness to get to the money and power that runs the Annawadi.The play however managed to bring the described image of the Mumbai slum close to the audience and he did this in a major way through the set up on stage and by focusing on the continuous and unceasing toil of the characters and the recreation of grim physical context in detail. From the play we also gained the sense of getting to see a living community and the young people in resistance of the corruption that was being real by the adults.Behind the Beautiful Forevers was an exciting production as the edition managed to preserve the humanity and intimacy of the book.ReferencesHare, D. (2014). Behind the Beautiful Forevers. Faber Faber, Limited.

Relationship Between The Nation State And Global Market Economics Essay

Relationship Between The Nation State And spheric Market Economics EssayThis paper discusses the relationship amidst the rural atomic number 18a secern and the globular commercialize. Giddens Structuration theory is used to conceptualise nation secernates as agents and the globular market as the favorable system. It is argued that nation disk operating systems may shape the world-wide market according to their vested interests and needs and that might plays an important role in this process. A strong and effective state is therefore part up to(p) to use the opportunities offered by orbicular market.globalization and Developing CountriesThe term Globalisation has been widely used in books in a snatch of contexts. It has been seen as the global integration of financial markets (Walker and Fox, 19992), interconnectedness of world thrift (Neuland and Hough, 19991), trans-border movements of ceiling and goods (Gill, 20004) and breakdown of depicted object borders (Re dding, 199919). Braibant (2002) further includes the development of advanced marrow of communication, growing importance of multi guinea pig corporations, population migrations and increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data, ideas, and even that of infections, diseases and pollution in the process of globalization. One aspect that is common among these perspectives is the breakdown of borders betwixt countries, goernments, economies and communities that has given rise to the global markets that atomic number 18 not controlled (but may be baffled) by a single country. The use of the term globalisation for the theatrical role of this paper is limited to that of trade, finance and investment.A variety of cost ar used to assortediate between developed and develop countries (for event pairing/south and rich/ short(p) etc.), however the literature has come a long way since the days of using the terms such(prenominal) as first world and third world countries. This pape r will flummox to the term developing countries, which is used to refer to a number of inhomogeneous groups of countries. For example it may mean the rapidly growing economies in Asia, veto growth economies (in terms of GDP/capita) in Africa, middle income and very poor countries, small and large, landlocked and ocean access and heavily regulated and tardily liberalised countries. This paper however, when referring to developing countries includes all low- and middle-income countries as defined by ground Bank (2000). There is a growing body of literature on the affects of globalisation and the opportunities and problems it may cause to the developing countries.The developing countries ar characterised by weak economic, legal and political institutions that lead to corruption, insecurity, scrap and lack of fighting in labour, technology and skills. The introduction of trade liberalisation and increased multinational competition in such conditions can have serious consequence s for the baby industries in the developing countries (Stiglitz, 2000). However it is generally claimed that opening to the global markets increases the flow rate of foreign direct investment into the developing countries, allows them to catch up with the a la mode(p) technology without need for huge investment or research, bring capital into the country, build expertise, induce innovation, and indeed contribute to the general economic growth. Francois and Schuknecht (2000) issue some empirical evidence that openness to global markets leads to GDP growth. These findings are of course challenged by others.The Hegemony of Global Market StructureIn the sizable amount of literature, a form of structuralism can be observed that views the relation between the global market and the nation state as a zero-sum patch where the growth of globalisation is seen as increased shrinking of sovereign state. bear two decades of 20th century saw proliferation of the literature that predicted th e eclipse, retreat, crisis and even the finale of the nation states as a result of growing motors of globalisation. The principal(prenominal) premise of these viewpoints is that the nation states have lost control over their territorial boundaries, national economies, currencies and even their cultures and languages as well and thus the macroscopic form of power has shifted from the nation-states to the global market represented by global institutions and multinational corporations (Barrow, 2005). For example Castells (1997243) in his chapter named A powerless state? argues that State control over space and time is increasingly bypassed by global flows of capital, goods, services, technology, communication, and information. Similarly Hardt and Negri (2000xi) in their book Empire claim that along with the global market and global circuits of production has emerged a global order, a new logic and structure of rule-in short, a new form of sovereignty. Empire is the political subje ct that in effect regulates these global exchanges, the sovereign power that governs the world. Similar view is held by Camilleri and Falk (199298) global processes and institutions are invading the national state and are dismantling the conceptual and territorial boundaries that have traditionally sustained the theory and practice of state sovereignty. The authors think that the nation state little choice other than delegating their function to international and supranational organisations. Hence, it may be a bit exaggerating that the globalisation is the only reason that has resulted into the degradation of state authority but it appears from the literature that it is seen by many as the central one (Evans, 1997).Various examples are given to support this point of view. The powers of World avocation Organisation (WTO) to inflict sanctions and punish individual countries are cited as one of the ways in which the global capitalist system coercively seeks conformity. It is argu ed that individual countries have little square off on the creation and performment of rules in the system and even on the direct of their own integration into the world deliverance. A well cited example of this is the effort of Indonesian government to protect its domestic go industry by providing facilities such as tax holidays, lower import duties for spare part and very low interest loans. These actions and their positive effect on Indonesian automobile industry did not go well with the global automobile exporters who saw their market share potentially in danger. A gaffe was therefore raised against the Indonesian government at the WTO where it was defeated and thus coerce to either roll back the measures it had move backn to protect and heighten one of its nascent industries or risk severe sanctions (Hartungi, 2006). Another uncomely effect of growing power of global capitalist system is that the developing countries have to increasingly compete within each other to cast the FDI which is termed by some as a race to bottom (Chau and Kanbur, 2006). In order to prove them more attr alive(p) to the MNCs, developing countries are laboured to deregulate hastily and keep the bribe and taxes low. Any attempt by these countries to increase the minimum primary wage, labour safety standards or restrictions on capital may result in relocation of MNCs from the country. This exposes the elaborate force to further exploitation in countries where union representation, legal protections and access to basic facilities such as health and education and any kind of social safety net is already limited. Labour exploitations therefore have been report in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Kenya and the Dominican Republic where government is forced to keep the wages low due to for example competition from countries like India and China where the preen giants Levi-Strauss and Gap have been considering to relocate due to availability of raw materials as well as pa ckaged services such as cutting, sew together and packaging etc (Hartungi, 2006).Similarly developing countries are coerced into various understandings (such as Trade Related Agreements on Intellectual Property Rights, TRIPS) under the auspices of WTO that are unreasonably costly for these countries to implement. It cost Mexico for example US$30 zillion to upgrade and enforce intellectual property laws (Finger and Schuler, 1999). Some developing countries such as Nigeria, Uganda, Morocco and Cambodia are forced by the US government to enforce patent protection mechanisms for pharmaceuticals that go way beyond the standard TRIPS engagement and are known as TRIPS Plus. One of the many additional obligations forced on developing countries under TRIPS Plus is the extension of patent terms beyond the 20 years required by standard TRIPS agreement and used commonly by most countries in the world.The Almighty StateThis train of literature focuses on the role of individual nation-states in enacting and reifying the global market structure. It views these as the principal agents of globalisation and the patrons of the political and material conditions required for its sustainability and influence. Its main premise is that the nation states are going through a intonation in order to adjust to the new global political economy and balance the contradictory pressures of global requirements and national interests, hence there is considerable realignment taking place within the state apparatuses which many scholars incorrectly render as a decline of nation state. It is argued that without the intervention of the state, the existence and the return of global capitalist market is not possible. The process of creation and modify of this system therefore requires active role of the nation states (Aglietta, 2000). However, the policies, attitude and institutions that are required to shape the capitalist structure of global scale take time to develop and thus the developin g countries must manage the conflict between domestic and global interests until such institutions take root in the society (ibid.). This point of view is partly based on the work by Robert Cox (1987) published as a book name Production, Power and World Order in which he challenged the notion that state is in decline and instead proposed the concept of internationalization of the state. He argues that internationalisation of state is the conversion of state into an agency for adjusting national economic practices and policies to the sensed exigencies of the global economy. The state becomes a transmission belt from the global to the national economy, where heretofore it had acted as the bulwark defending domestic welfare from orthogonal disturbances. (Cox, 1987254) Similar views have been expressed by Panitch (1993) who believes that far from witnessing a by-passing of the state by a global capitalism, what we see are very active states and highly politicised sets of capitalist c lasses (p63). He adds that the global capitalist structure as it stands today has been authored by the states and it has primarily rearranged rather than by passed states. The level of influence that individual states have on global markets may be different but ultimately the imperial economic and political relationships are not organised by the multinational and transnational firms, but by a system of states that have unequal influence across the globe. Aglietta (2000) therefore defines imperialism as a system of hegemony through which states are coerced by other state/s to adopt a set of rules that favour the stability of global system that may be inclined heavily towards promoting the benefits of stronger states. Thus the flowing form of globalisation has been constituted by a number of states with spotted inter-state relations and strengths.The role of states strength/power in benefiting from the global capitalist system is substantiated empirically by the work of Weiss (2005) by examining the evidence from japan and East Asian NICs (Newly Industrialised Countries). The author concluded that the states with strong fall in over the socio-economic goal setting and strong relationship with domestic reference were better able to adapt to the process of globalisation and crucially, were also better able to promote the internationalisation strategies of their corporations. Thus the differences between the states capacity (strength) right off affect its ability to exploit the opportunities of international economic change.

Why is not ASEAN regionalism as successful as the EU

Why is non AoceanN neighbourhoodalism as advantageful as the EUSince the end of WWII, integration and argonnaalism has been the master(prenominal) focus for the study of inter acresal relations. stay was the chief(prenominal) reason for creating a regional body, but since the fall of societalism in the Soviet Union, the main focus on regionalism was on the economic. The winner of the integration in Europe had given the tooshies of most of the earlier studies, which they carry to unsay Europe as a blueprint for the success in regionalism. Mevery third world regional bodies such as the ASEAN in addition number at Europe seriously beca function of its success. By taking a comparative look at both cheeks by their reasons to create a inter republical body, the coordinates of both organizations and evaluate them in terms of their successes, we stinker stop lowstand both organizations. The integration cover of S exposeheast Asia is very disparate from that of the EU in many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) centerings that it creates the sense of uniqueness obscure from the opposite regionalism around the world. Although it hopes to enjoy the same success as in Europe, t hither(predicate) be many arguments whether it tush achieve as all overmuch as Europe, such as in its past, the despotical style of governments, its thriftiness structure, and its in great power to solve gainsays. The questions present lay in the succeeding(a) of ASEAN on which way is it going to go, and what it has to do to engulf successes of Europe. Right now regionalism that is undergoing in south-east Asia is in a ever-changing direction, economic success is seen as the main goal. The adaptation towards the European model acts as the guideline for the trans diversityations. much thanover the consume to understand the comparative work is very important towards future trans governing body in tell to function as effectively as the EU model and to deposit the un iqueness of the ASIAN integration. The reasons screwing ASEANs failure ar the lack of institutions to en specialty the structural co-operations from the extremitys. Part of brain the back rationality of both regions, looking into the history of the identity operator processing is necessary. thither be debates about integration concerning the common identities and the ideological structure that supports this. The comparative question over the identities of both organizations is wherefore is it that the forming of the identity of Europe was more successful than the Southeast Asian region. What is the arguments concerning the identities of both organizations. With the EU, the question is based upon what are the factors that made up the European identity, and what settle downs what European is and what is not. Since there are many debates concerning that many of the benefits that helped built up the identity of Europe came from Asia, such as its polity, and its organized relig ion. The question concerning the ASEAN identity is whether there is a Southeast Asian identity in the first place and is the way things are set today, the good way that things should be functioning? The fact that integration is a information that makes use of the pre-existing relationships between states members, an analysis of these prior relationships that build up both identities is critical in understanding the effectiveness of both organizations look QuestionsWhy is not ASEAN regionalism as successful as the EU?What are the main diametric characteristics of both organizations?What are the main similar characteristics of both organizations?Research MethodologiesThis study is a comparative analysis that focuses on secondhand sources in lay to obtain information pertaining the background, reasons, structures, and determine of the EU and ASEAN.HypothesesASEAN regionalism is considered as a failure when compare to the EU in the degree of their reasons of their brookment, the rests in their values and structures.ReasonsThe European UnionSecurity is the main concern for the EU since its beginning. The threats form shelter exist both extraneously and inheringly. The key actors here for the external auspices reasons were the Soviet Union, and the US, the threats of the Soviet Union for Europe was so great that the nations had to step in to help Europe in its rebuilding process in order to pr even upt commieic influences slice keeping capitalism alive. This involves pouring wide amount of money into revitalising West Germany to an economically giant of Europe. The formation of the EU was as well genuine full support from the US, because of the integration process get out benefit America by creating a larger market for it to invest in, and a bigger trade bloc to trade to. The forming of the EU volition also allows the US to establish military bases in strategical locations in order to coiffe its military power against Soviet threats. The buil ding of the EU will also relieve the US from some of its responsibilities in the world stage, creating a fondness actor in the balancing of power from the US and the USSR. at that placefore the US support was very essential for the building of EU. Internally, Europe at the snip a war weary continent was going through a massive challenge in building itself. Europe had gone through series of devastating wars the most demolishing one of all was WWII. afterward the end of the Second World contend, most of Europes understructures were left destroyed from the strategic bombing from both the Allies, and the Nazi. Europe was left to the state of rebuilding its infrastructure as same as its parsimoniousness. Most importantly it cannot afford some other devastated war, the backdrop of this was the signing of the Coal and Steel Treaties, which was the study signing that will go past to the stopover of peace and surety. The Coal and Steel Treaties takes a look at the cause of Europ ean warfare in terms of the resources infallible to build a war industry. The main industry was steel and char was needed to process it into weapons. The imagination was if Europe could break down the twain industries, which were the resources that could lead to war and control and regulated it by a international governing body, hence there will be a monitor on the use of the two resources preventing another arm race from any country. This is an example of a strong foundation of a strong international institution that limits some of the reign that nation states use to have got. As posterior we will discuss the preambles written in this document in order to determine weather it was successful or not. Although this treaty was not the foundation document of creating the EU, it was very important in the aspect of internal security and keeping peace and stability in the economy.ASEANFor SEA, security was also the main factor in forming a regional body. Same as Europe, the Commun ist threats were the main threats from the external draw as well as an internal force, so SEA had got a lot of support from America. The theory behind this was called the Domino Effect Theory produced by George Kenneth, the secretary of state of the US administration during that meter. SEA was battling another front in the Cold War, and it was a potentially vulnerable front as well. The fall of Vietnam then Laos then Cambodia gave the Domino effect theory its name, because countries who battle against socialism in this region falls one by one similar to the dominoes, and the influence of the communism spread through the neighboring country. Massive money was injected into the region in order to create strong capitalistic economic structures. Military totalitarianism was very common land in most of the countries, because it processed the strong dominating find needed to counter communism. External betrothal lays solely on the threat from Vietnam, while an internal conflict was on the communist influences domesticatedally that were big threats creating fragmentation in each country. The try out was the numbers of communist parties and their violence handling in each countries of SEA. For example, the bloodshed in In dosia with ordinary Suharto actions against PKI rallies which left many scholar to believe the number of death are between 200,000 to 500,000. Although during this time, both regions are very similar in the external and internal reasons to strengthen co-operations in creating a secured community from communism, one major dissimilarity was that of the non-interference agreement signed by ASEAN members in the Bangkok Declaration, the intromission treaties establishing ASEAN. In Europe, the governments of the members had agreed in giving up limited sovereignty by creating supranational institutions to monitor, and to exercise its power such as the pooling of resources bid coal and steel. While ASEAN nations did not agreed on giving up any sovereignty by signing the non-interference agreement. This will produce massive effects in the lacking of co-operations and monitoring body in ASEAN. During this time each countries were focusing on building its own domestic economy by trading impertinent of their regions such as markets of Japan and the US or else than focusing on the intra trading activities. Ironically ASEAN co-operations was nothing more than an agreement not to co operate, focusing on building successfulness separately without intervening on each others affairs. Until juvenilely that ASEAN sees an essential need to integrate and co-operate regionally in order to prosper economically.ValuesIn this part of the paper, we are looking at the completely distinct sets of values that will in turn influence the last point of the paper, which is organization structure forcefulally. The contrast between two sets of values that lies in the organizations here is nominate. Regionalization of the SEA is very much diffe rent than the one of Europe. Because of the Asian way of thinking which tend to be dictator, many had argued that, SEA needed to bewilder its own path sort of than following Europes model of integration. Un want the EU, which had a strong foundation of regional/Continental identity, the ASEAN identity had been a recent created identity. The Southeast Asian people did not come up even with the technology employed to define national boarder lines but it was done from colonialism. in that location was no common language like Europe had of Latin that was used to communicate in religion and states affairs. There was no common religion like Christianity. There was no common law and order like Europe had from the Roman Empire or the establishment of antiauthoritarian values from Greece. Asian values tend to be authoritarian alternatively than liberalism in Europe. Authority is the most important thing above everything in Southeast Asia, while individualism and human rights is emphas ized in Europe1. The evidence determining this is in republic, during the signing of the pact of capital of Italy, each leader of the members were democratically elected leaders, while in Southeast Asia, leaders were military juntas and authoritarian ruler. The reason behind this was the need for the strong ruling against the backdrop of communist threats from Indo China. The military juntas were Field Marshall Thanom of Thailand, Marcos in the Phillippines, and Surhato in Indonesia, while the authoritarian leaders were Mahadthere in Malaysia, and Lee Guan Yuu of Singapore. This is the very big difference we can see between the two different styles of polity. This authoritarian value came from the pre-colonial period when the polities of SEA were in forms of Kingdoms and Sultanate states. Power was circulated within the family like in the form of absolute monarchy. Territories existed in a form of sphere of influence or else than a clear borderline. This could explain the struggl e of ASEAN nations to adapt to democracy during the post-colonial period. Although democracy tendencies and structures were introduced and left behind by the colonial countries, the effect of communism hardly forced democracy backward, because of the need for a strong authoritarian rule to keep out communism This has made it more complicated during the post-Cold War era to switch from a military authoritarian rule to democracy. This difference can be seen as authoritarianism of ASEAN versus democracy of EU, which contributed to the vast difference in value structures of both organizations. In effect, the governments of ASEAN tend to focus domestically in keeping their legitimacy and to remain in power rather than co-operating together. As a result, this has made any regional interactions and decision-making done at the top direct of the society by government leaders rather than benefitting people in all take aims of the society. This has made it acceptable for non- democratic cou ntries like Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos to later join. With the EU, it is a completely different story, according to the Copenhagen Criteria, the EU does not allows the association of a non democratic countries, the criteria also includes the respect of human rights in each member countries and the opening up of a free market. Having standards of criteria for adoption makes cooperation easier for the EU, when compared to the ASEAN where similar common grounds and agreements cannot be found.Prior to the European colonization, the polities of SEA were in a form of kingdom, which was ruled in the form of monarchies. There were no clear boundaries or drawn territory of these kingdoms. Rather, the influences of these kingdom existed in form of a sphere of influences, which were fill outmitted to China. There were no common languages, religion or shared sense of identity like existed in Europe. Since the beginning, the launching of national identities had been defined and broug ht on by western civilization during colonialism. The territorial reserve boundaries were purely derived from an imaginary concept by the process of the competition among westerly colonizers to gain the economical edge. Therefore, the cooperation that we can see in this period of this region was not between one another, but rather towards external influence. And the conflict between the colonizers had fueled the sentiment towards fragmentation between each nation state. A good example would be the position of Thailand who sits as a buffer state between the French in Indo-China and the British in Burma and Malaya. The try that could indicate a certain level of interaction during the colonial period between member countries would be the struggle for independent movement against the colonizers. These interactions however were done in a very small level and tended to be in the underground. Colonization had brought Asia its creation of modern national identities, on with a strong sens e of non-interference between states in this region. This is a clear example of how external forces played a significant influence upon the region. As a result, an external conflict that Southeast Asian found itself upon would lead to an internal conflict in the region that will be potentially threatening during the post-war era. The rivalries between Thailand and Myanmar which had already been going on for the last cubic decimeter years along with current issues over the refugee and drug trafficking, the territorial dispute between Malaysia and Indonesia over Sabah, and the genocidal conflict of Cambodia and Vietnam. These conflicts would prove to be issues that are obstacles for the regional body to climb. Nevertheless, the regional body had to be formed receivable to a-threatening-growing-Chinese-influences with the intent support by the U.S. in a plan to combated communism. Although it was form under a security purposes there was little progress towards the economical interac tions. This is due to the external trading ties each member countries had already been involved in. delinquent to the colonial legacy in this region, countries tend to look upon trading partners outside the region. Intra-trading level was very low considering making up only twenty dollar bill percent of the regional income.Theses different mind sets for both organizations will reflects towards the different organization structures, as we will discuss this on the next chapter of the paper. We are going to take the different perspective view of the EC on its institutions that aided integration process and the theories behind EU integration. ASEAN integration structure is not as varies as the EU but it is worth canvass it to the EU anyways.Integration StructuresSupranational VS AuthoritarianismIntegration is a gene linkage between two or more independent actors to extend or broaden the ascendence through economic co-operations, losing sovereignty by changing domestic regulation and policy moving to the supranational body. The question here is why do some integration so successful and why do some dont? The EU is one of the a couple of(prenominal) organizations that had been successful with its integration. A big part of its success comes from its capability to establish institutions and policies that became clearly defined sets of rules. These sets of rules therefore became superior to domestic law of the member states of the Union. This structure that had been created by the European polity has given planting ground for intraregional trade and investment. And it had replaced and brought a war-torn Europe that was known for inner continental warfare and economic differentiations, prosperity and stability. But when comparing the EUs success to ASEAN, it is too soon to determine if the ASEAN organization is a success or a failure. Although the ASEAN is trying to copy EU success by using and adapting to the methods used in Europe, the two regions are very differe nt in terms of backgrounds creating their identities and the nature to co-operation between each other. The difference level of success of any regionalism lays on it how much the regional actor can enforce their rules over national domestic law. This brings us to the institutionalization of integration. By joining the organization, state actors are expected to give up its sovereignty to the communal authority. With the case of the EU the institution that monitors the integration process is the European coquet of Justice or the ECJ. The ECJ provides the jurisdiction over varies of actions, such as the actions brought to them by member states, or an individual within the community. It established the framework for the constitutionalization of the Treaty by providing links between the Court and sub national actors to their lawyers, and sub national courts. An example for this was the case of Gend and Loos in 1963 when their attempt to import goods did not fall in the legal framework o f the Dutch government, but was authoritative according to the Treaty of Rome, which was the product of the EU institutionalization. They have brought their case to the ECJ to determine whether they needed to follow the Dutch domestic law or the EUs. As it turned out the Dutch government lost to the Rome regulations. This had marked the start of the EU as the correct regulation to be applied. It also marked the power of the regional body like the ECJ over the domestic national government such as the Dutch. This is one of many examples of how national government body had given up its power to the supranational authority. Therefore government has to react to the demand for integration.The court plays vital roles in monitoring and enforcing role in integration. The effectiveness of the EU lies on its ability in its enforcing mechanism. The Supremacy doctrines states that the EU has primacy over national legislation, while the straight Effect doctrine provides the rights for the citiz ens of the member country the direct access to the EU court without having to go through the national government. Individuals can choose to take direct legal actions against their own government if the government fails to meet up with the rules that were agreed with the EU. The direct intervention of the third party of a supranational institution such as the ECJ is one of the greatest successes of integration in Europe.There are numbers of different theories supporting the EU integrations in creating the supranational institution the most common ones that are worth mentioning are theories of Functionalism, Neo-Functionalism, and Intergovernmentalism. These are the theories circling the study of International relations that most policy-making scientists have agreed upon. Functionalism is an international relations theory that became widely known from prexy Woodrow Wilsons fourteen points speech. It expressed strong concern over the role of the State as a form of social organization that was becoming out of date and ineffective. It offers a counter view from that of Realism that view nation states should be driven by their own individual self-interest, functionalists focus on common shared interests by states and non-state actors. It view that functionalism is an effect of the process globalization which integration is triggered by the fading of state sovereignty and the advances in intimacy shared by scientists and experts effecting the tradition of policy-making. Functionalism proposed to build a form of authority based in functions and needs, which linked authority with needs, scientific knowledge, expertise and technology, creating a supranational concept of authority. The Coal and Steel Treaty is the evidence of the raise of a supranational body that was a product of Functionalism, which gave the body, controls and regulations to all of the coal and steel production of Western Europe.Neo-functionalists focused their attention in the process of integrati on among states, i.e. regional integration. Initially, states integrate in limited functional or economic areas. Thereafter, partially integrated states experience increasing momentum for push rounds of integration in related areas. This invisible hand of integration phenomenon was termed squish-over. by the neo-functionalist school. Although integration can be resisted, it becomes harder to stop integrations reach as it progresses. There are two kinds of spill-over, which are functional spillovers and political spillovers. Functional spill over explains the interconnections between various economic sectors and issues areas. Political spillover explains the setting up of international institutions like the European Union and the United Nations. Intergovernmentalism is the theory literary argument Neo-Functionalism, and rejects it. According to Standley Hoffman, any increase in power at supranational level, he argues, results from a direct decision by governments. He believed that integration, driven by national governments, was often based on the domestic political and economic issues of the day. The theory rejects the concept of the spill-over effect that neo-functionalism proposes. He also rejects the idea that supranational organizations are on an equal level in their political influence as national governments. His argument lays on the fact that if Neo-Functionalism is the main theory that drives integration, then how do you explain the period of inertia in regional co-operation when there was a diverge national interests. And the role of governments is in the unparallel national policies. Realism is the international study theory that explains the insurrection nature of international affair could be use to conceptualize Southeast Asian states. McCormicks comparison between Functionalisms to Realism below could be use to characterized EU to ASEAN. As the ASEAN nations tend to focus on military security in the early stage, the evidence in this is the no n-interference agreement that was signed by each member states. While the Coal and Steel Treaty aims to maintain peace and to promote prosperity from pooling of resources through co-operation between member states. In turn, EU nations were trying to promote security by collaborating with each other while ASEAN was trying to maintain security through building domestic power by non-interference. The nations of SEA make their policies with the use of military force and economy, while the EU uses negotiation. ASEAN is also known for the lack of continuity of policies from the everlasting shift of control over the authority and power. The EU nations, on the other hand, focus on low politics like economical and social issues. International organizations has very limited power because the states simply do not listen to them, in the contrary, in Europe the role of government is control as the international organization has power to regulates policies which governments has to obey. These p oints clearly show the drastic contrast between the two organizations.Comparing Functionalism to RealismJohn McCormick compares Functionalisms key principles with Realisms thus (comments added to emphasize key distinctions)RealismFunctionalismCommentsDominant goals of actorsMilitary securityPeace and prosperitysecurity through Power vs collaborationInstruments of state policyMilitary force and economic instrumentsEconomic instruments and political acts of willState policy of assertion vs negotiationForces behind agenda formationPotential shifts in the balance of power and security threatsInitial idiom on low politics, such as economic and social issues order of business sought maintenance of position vs reaching consensusRole of international organizations child limited by state power and the importance of military force

Safety in plastic manufacturing

sentry go in credit card manufacturingINTRODUCTION flexible manufacturing is becoming one of the nigh important force fields in manufacturing (Makin 1987). solely manufacturers be trying to reduce their cost by putting formative into their machines or computers. tractile Manufacturing started from producing combs and buttons till it reached different fields of production much(prenominal) as automotive, medical equipments, aerospace, construction and consumer goods as well as toys and packaging. The most important threat that has been facing the advance of this technology is wellness and caoutchouc. natural rubber in moldable manufacturing is critical because you deal with different atomic number 18as much(prenominal) as the machinery, raw substantials (gener each(prenominal)y petrochemical materials) which ar mostly flammable and lately on that point has been surroundal issues of concern arising from the manufacturing of plastics thats why It needs to be considered during the design phase of a factory before starting the manufacturing phase.With more and more automation and good machinery being applied to this industry, and greater application of new technologies being enforced with increased capability for providing flexibility to the process and operations, greater attention has to be given to rubber eraserguard.This enquiry aims to capture what level of preventive is on that point in plastic factories. And what it lacks for and what is needed to implement wellness and base hit inside these factories and shelter the workers and the owners of the factory in addition of comparing the cost of a safety program in a factory to the money spent in case accidents happen because of the low level of safety. The flying field allow for soon review the impact of this industry on the environs and the importance of recycle to cut-down these impacts. Studies start been conducted in different industrial countries wish The United acres and The United States of the States and comparing that to an industrial jumping country like Saudi Arabia.KEY QUESTIONSThere be several brains to be explode in this dischargeic of re search because as mentioned earlier safety in plastic factories is critical because it is attached to different sectors like machinery, raw materials, and environmental issues. So the main question seat be How to implement a safe environment in a plastic factory?This main question grass be specified by using the pursuance questions1- What argon the most common accidents and injuries that happen in plastic factories?2- What atomic number 18 the reasons that cause accidents in plastic factories?3- Why is plastic manufacturing threatening the environment? What ar the solutions to reduce this risks and accidents caused by this industry?4- How raft you develop safety in plastic factories in evolution countries like Saudi Arabia?AIMS AND OBJECTIVESThis research allow for aim to capture the main reason of accidents in plastic factories and how to implement health and safety in this industry in all phases. These aims can be specified to the following* Decreasing the risks that plastic manufacturing causes in the environment, and developing the ports to prevent pollution caused by this industry such as plastic recycling.* Cutting down the number of accidents during work by applying advanced safety plans and precautions in Saudi Arabia.* Analysing the most common accidents and their reasons and think them together statically.* Implementing computers and networks in emergency management inside and outside the factories.Generally, this athletic field lead embrace the ways of having a levelheaded and safe environment in plastic factories and how to reduce accidents and risk that atomic number 18 caused by this industry. literary works REVIEWIn 1868 John Wesly Hyatt positive plastic material called movie theatre he used it to substitute ivory which was becoming more pricey and di fficult to get down after improvements ,from that plastic industry was born (Bryce 1999). During the abutting 40-50years others began to investigate this new process and used it for manufacturing. During 1940s the plastic blastoff moulding industry became more popular because of the demand created for inexpensive trade produced products after the World War II. The muddlers of Bakelite, the prototypal synthetic plastic called it the material of the thousand uses and used the mathematical symbol of infinity as a trademark (Bryce 1999).In general applying safety to your factory and keeping your workers healthy and safe does non happen by chance there are different things to be make from electrical and machinery safety to dust discussion requirements for example careful management processes, commitment throughout the organisation in addition to safety management including risk assessments, engineering controls, and emergency procedures and training. thoroughly management pro cesses in plastic manufacturing includes carefully evaluating raw materials and implementing controls such as containers, safe handling procedures and use of appropriate personal protective equipment, because as mentioned before plastics are petrochemical materials that must be dealt with carefully. It is always recommended to have a good communication with the raw material companies in case any information is needed. Prevention of pollution is essential too it can be by controlling techniques for emission such as optimising processing conditions for handling and mixing dry additives and storing of these materials.wellness and safety associations such as wellness and galosh Executive (HSE) work to improve safety in a wide variety of sectors in this industry. Firstly, machines new or old should fall out with its regulations and meet the requirements needed. About the workers government regulations in Europe and North America require that operators be protected from moving split of machinery, while machinery parts that require a tool to open must be undecided by trained personnel following appropriate safety procedures (British malleable Federation 2009 health and Safety Executive 2009).To avoid hand brand which is almost 25-50% of the total injuries in this industry according to the HSE statistics survey, robots and automation are implemented to protect workers from injury during manual handling although it is difficult to fall out manual handling but they are trying to cut it down. Safety of using these robots should be encountered too because there are not steady-going and safe 100%.There are several accidents reported from using robots and automation, the first robot fatality occurred in Japan in 1981 the robot stabbed an employee to remnant the employee didnt use the safeguards (Makin 1987).Nearly 80 accidents in blow moulding factories were investigated by inspectors from HSE during 1986-1996.It was found that 50% of these accidents happen beca use inadequate or damaged safe guarding about another 25% were because of defeated safeguards (Health and Safety 2009). To avoid these kinds of accidents it is recommended to translate the right safer guarding and check it is kept in the position and working effectively. fictiles are created by refining common petroleum products the most common are crude oil and natural gas. Fire in plastics manufacturing may experience black acrid smoke and poisonous gases including carbon monoxide. The fires may propagate quickly and be difficult to extinguish. Sources of ignition should be controlled by prohibiting smoking and hot work in high risk areas.A get wind to safe operation is safety awareness and putting safety as a priority at all levels, from the operator to the manager. Mr.Seeberg the safety manager at Clariant says that workers will notice if their site manager or executive program is only concerned with the output or is likewise concerned with safety (Science Direct 2009). B efore safety training can be effective, top management must show a clear commitment and kindle in safety. Some managers say that their major concern is that they do not have the resources to have a full time safety person in this case they can rent a safety executive program in-order to reduce the cost.In general the employers duties can be summarised in* making the workplace safe without risks to health.* Ensuring the plant and machinery are safe and that systems of work are set and followed.* Giving the information instructions, training and supervision necessary for health and safety.The successful implementation of management system for both occupational health and safety and return to work programmes will result in corroboratory change in business and safety cultures in the industry and there will be a considerable opportunity to reduce be in manufacturing.The plastic industry spiritd a lot of threats in its beginning a lot of people tried to link it with cancer. The sava ge and littering caused by plastic products in the world especially in sea shores (Meikle 1995).Plastic bags are light weight and moisture resistant meaning that it can float in air and water easily and travel foresighted distances. Every year more than six one million million tons of dispute is dumped into seas and oceans more than 80% are plastic like plastic bags and bottles. ocean creatures eat the plastic thinking it was food which can cause their death, any(prenominal) blamed plastic bags for the death of kids by suffocation too (Clean Up 2009). To avoid plastic waste and cut from its effects high fines are applied now in the USA the cruise ship regal Princess was fined 311,000 for dumping 20 bags of garbage overboard( British Plastic Federation 2009).In-order to face these threats plastic associations are implementing recycling in every home so the impacts of this manufacturing can be prevented. Most of the plastics can be recycled and has its own way of recycling, thats why in the bottom of every plastic product you can find the initials for its name and type like PP for polypropylene and HDPE for high parsimony polyethylene as shown below in Figure(1). In the UK five million tonnes of plastic are used annually only 19% is acquire recycled but it is planned to reach 25%by 2010.There are a lot of benefits from recycling plastic, to sum it up we can say slight(prenominal) used plastic, less oil used for plastic production and less energy consumed which will affect the plastic industry positively.REASEARCH METHODIn this part I will introduce the method actings used in this study and explain the techniques used and where this research fit into. Generally this research is a combination of both methods quantitative and soft which is also known as the miscellaneous method.Firstly, the quantitative method which mostly deals with numerical data to develop theories and hypothesis (Creswell 2003). In-order to come information to develop the safety in p lastic factories we are going to design questionnaires and surveys to seek answers for a couple of question that will help us fill the gap. Some of these questions are open-ended and that is where the qualitative method combines.Secondly the qualitative method is a method of inquiry used for different scientific and academic fields, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research (Creswell 2003). It also investigates how and when a decision can be made we will make some interviews with workers, factory managers, and people from health and safety organizations.Usually in social sciences quantitative research is contrasted with qualitative for the purpose of discovering meaning and models of relationships. Although when it comes to their aspects of scientific investigation there is a difference (Creswell 2003), it is said that both are attached and help each other as Kuhn (1961152) says large amounts of qualitative work usually been prerequisite to fruitful quantific ation in the physical sciences. soft research is used to explore a phenomenon and form theories then we can test these theories by using quantitative research.In this research in-order to obtain useful information that can help in applying health and safety in plastic factories and have a safe environment, we will have around 200 questionnaires distrubted to different types of people who in this industry such as workers, engineers, managers, etc. There will be interviews with people from health and safety organisations in the UK, like the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Plastic Processors Health and Safety Liaison Committee (PPHSLC). Also there will be four factories from Saudi Arabia as case study and equate the safety of these factories to the safety requirements in the UK and try to develop the safety there to the same level in the UK. All the data taken from the questioners, survey, and interviews will be analysed by using SPSS to determine the relationships by manip ulating factors thought to modulate safety in plastic manufacturing. There are several studies done before in how plastic manufacturing is effecting the environment we will see where these studies reached and characterise their approaches.TIMETABLETASKDURATIONProposal Preparation18Nov-1 DecLiterature brushup1Dec-1 MarchFieldwork1Feb-15 MarchData Analysis15 March-22 March instauration22 March-1 AprilFinal Report1 April-30 AprilCONCLUSIONAs a conclusion for this study we will find the gaps in safety in plastic manufacturing and help having a safe environment by developing safety procedures and observe the threats that are effecting the environment. Also, the safety in plastic factories in Saudi Arabia will be studied, and determine what it lacks for and how can it be developed to reach the appropriate level of safety. As all studies in this field this study benefited from the relevance of previous researches and assumptions of many experts. The analysis of the data and surveys will show how much people are concerned about safety. promise this study cans be effective in the development of safety in plastic manufacturing and helps other researches in the future in this topic to obtain what safety in plastic factories lacks.REFERENCESBritish Plastic Federation (2009), Health and Safety online available from 21 November 2009Bryce, Douglas M. (1999) Plastic Injection Moulding.Clean Up Australia Ltd (2009) Plastic Recycling Fact Sheet online available from 22 November 2009Creswell, J.W. (2003) Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed method approaches.Cross Plastics (2008) Domestic Recycling Symbols online available from 30 November 2009Health and Safety Executive (2009) online available from 17 November 2009Meikle, Jeffry I. (1995) American Plastic a Cultural History.Kuhn, T. (1961) The consumption of Measurement in Modern Physical ScienceMakin, P. (1987) Safety in Advanced Manufacturing, Journal of Proceeding of the Advanced Manufacturing interna tional seminar 14,(1) 1-4Markarian, J. (2008) Worker Health And Safety in Plastics Compounding. Journal of Plastic Additives and Compounding online 10,(1) 26-29.Available from 28 November 2009

Impact of Directly Observed Treatment on Tuberculosis

Impact of Directly Observed Treatment on Tuberculosis definition of the conditionMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis tensenesss with in vitro resistance to at to the lowest degree two isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP) (Johnston 2009WHOWHO 2013). Emergence of this strain since the 1980s has represented a major barrier towards succeederful TB control (Johnston 2009WHO 2013). Among the newly diagnosed TB unhurrieds in 2012, 3.6% had MDR TB while the dowery was approximately six times high among those previously treated plates (20.2%) (WHO 2013).In 2012, it was estimated that 450000 consequent cases and 170000 mortality cases of MDR TB occurred globally (WHO 2013). Comp atomic number 18d with drug-susceptible strains, intervention of MDR TB is much to a greater extent than complex. According to the WHO guidelines, MDR TB discourse regimen requires a minimum eon of 18 months with two intercession patterns, the intensive and the law of continuation phase (WHO). The offset printing six months of handling is usually considered the intensive phase since a patient needs to receive both oral and injectable drugs (WHO). After this period, the injectable agent is discontinued and patients receive the oral drugs for a nonher 12-18 months (termed as the continuation phase) (WHO). Management of MDR TB is challenging for that patients are normally in ripe stages of disease with thick-walled cavities and chronic lung lesions which are hard for the drugs to penetrate (Orenstein 2009). Also, the longer treatment duration, high out-of-pocket cost, together with the much frequent adverse reactions that are associated with second line drugs are all contribution factors to poor treatment adherence (Bassili 2013Toczek 2012Volmink 2007). As a result, treatment success rate of MDR TB was much lower compared to drug sensitive strains. According to the WHO, the pooled treatment success rate of MDR TB patients diagnosed in 2009 was about 48%, whereas it exceeded 85% among non-MDR TB patients (Johnston 2009).Description of the interventionDirectly observed treatment ( extend) refers to the use of an name agent (a professional health worker, a community volunteer, or a family member) to directly monitor people taking their anti-tuberculosis drugs (Mukherjee 2004). Initially, this concept was proposed as a key component of Directly Observed Therapy, Short Course ( flockS) by the WHO in 1994 to ensure cure of TB (WHO). In addition to the prep of standardized 6-8 months short-course directly observed chemotherapy regimen, other components of acidS include political commitment, case detection by quality-assured bacteriology, maintenance of an effective drug supply and heed system, and evaluation of performance and impact (WHO). Implementation of headS in non-MDR TB treatment demonstrates significant effectiveness, as the strategy has helped to treat 37 million TB cases and cured more than 80% of them by 2007(WHO 2013). However, the standardized short-course chemotherapy is usually not applicable to cases of MDR TB.To improve patients adherence to MDR TB treatment, in 2000, WHO and its international partners besides developed pane of glassS-Plus strategy by adding the components of MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment and management into the DOTS (WHO 2008WHO 2011). In this DOTS-Plus strategy, DOT is highly recommended by the WHO to be delivered to all MDR-TB patients (WHO 2008WHO 2011). However, treatment of MDR-TB patients requires at least 18 months, therefore, delievering DOT to MDR-TB patients would be more challenge than for drug-suspectible TB patients. at that place are two types of DOT according to its implementation length. In mount DOT, anti-TB drugs were administered under direct observation throughout the treatment duration (including both the intensive and continuation phase) whereas it is directly observed only during the intensive phase for partial DOT (WHO 2008WHO 20 11). Effectiveness of DOT is commonly demonstrated through comparison with SAT, a traditional management modality in which anti-TB drugs were self-administered by patients without any observation (WHO 2008WHO 2011). Currently, many countries have incorporated full DOT into their national TB control programs (NTPs) according to suggestions from the WHO guidelines (Bassili 2013). However, there are clam up countries that adopt partial DOT or even self-administrated treatment (SAT) as the management modality in their NTPs.How the intervention might workA better understanding of how DOT improves treatment outcomes of MDR TB could have principal(prenominal) management implications. First, knowing the type(s) of DOT provider and location that is associated with a higher treatment success rate could allow one to make evidence-based decisions when calculating DOT for MDR TB treatment. Second, studying the influence of other characteristics on favored treatment outcomes of MDR TB could p rovide a conservative yet more objective conclusion of the effectiveness of DOT. Third, comparing DOT with other strategies for the utility of treatment adherence could advise policy makers to balance resources amongst DOT and these other strategies so that treatment could be delivered in a more cost-effective way.Why it is important to do this reviewImpact of DOT on successful TB treatment has been controversial throughout the years. preceding observational studies suggested that DOT ensured timely adherence management as good as day-to-day monitoring of adverse effects (Orenstein 2009). One meta-analysis revealed that treatment completion rate among pulmonary TB patients could exceed 90% when DOT was implemented throughout the treatment course(Bassili 2013). However, results from a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed no significant difference in treatment success rate between DOT and SAT among drug-susceptible TB cases(Mukherjee 2004). Moreover, previou s meta-analyses almost exclusively focused on the role of DOT in the treatment of non-MDR TB circumstantial has been examined systematically regarding its role in effective MDR TB treatment.

Nature and Society in The Dharma Bums and Goodbye, Columbus :: Dharma Bums Essays

Nature and Society in The Dharma Bums and Goodbye, capital of Ohio From its beginning, the belles-lettres of the 1960s valued military worldly concern having a fold alliance with spirit. Jack Kerouac shows us the high-flown form of this race in the account of Han Shan, the Chinese poet. At start-off, these concerns appear to have little relevance to Goodbye, capital of Ohio by Philip Roth. However, by mentioning Gauguin, Roth gives us a view of mans ideal relationship to nature very similar to the one seen in the report card of Han Shan. The stories of Han Shan and Gauguin invite an interesting commentary Neil and Brendas relationship, as well as sixth sense into its collapse. From the beginning, 60s literature advocated that man have a close relationship with nature. This is easy seen in Kerouacs The Dharma Bums. In this harbour, he repeatedly invokes the names of older writers concern with nutrition a hold upness in harmony with nature. By mentionin g such(prenominal) writers as Muir, Thoreau, and Whitman, Kerouac makes a statement about man and nature. The behavior of the characters in the book is in keeping with this environmentalist message. The high points of the book atomic number 18 characterized by a nearness to nature. A good example of this is when atomic number 75 and Japhy jump on the Matterhorn. The fact that Kerouac peoples his book with characters inspired by people authorised to the Sixties, such as Gary Snyder and Allen Ginsburg, helps tie these environmental concerns to the decade as a whole. The around direct example of what Kerouac feels is the ideal relation surrounded by man and nature is the story of Han Shan. We are told that Shan is Japhys hero because he was a man of purdah who could take off by himself and live purely and authentic to himself(Kerouac, The Dharma Bums, 22). By escaping nightclub and living close to nature, he was able to live his life the way the was supposed to. If he had remained in a society in conflict with nature, he would have been twisted and distorted, unable to engender his consecutive shape. Both Ray and Japhy see reflections of Han Shan in each other. At first glance, there seems to be little in common between these environmental concerns and Goodbye, Columbus.Nature and Society in The Dharma Bums and Goodbye, Columbus Dharma Bums EssaysNature and Society in The Dharma Bums and Goodbye, Columbus From its beginning, the literature of the 1960s valued man having a close relationship with nature. Jack Kerouac shows us the ideal form of this relationship in the story of Han Shan, the Chinese poet. At first, these concerns appear to have little relevance to Goodbye, Columbus by Philip Roth. However, by mentioning Gauguin, Roth gives us a view of mans ideal relationship to nature very similar to the one seen in the story of Han Shan. The stories of Han Shan and Gauguin offer an interesting commentary Neil and Brendas r elationship, as well as insight into its collapse. From the beginning, 60s literature advocated that man have a close relationship with nature. This is easily seen in Kerouacs The Dharma Bums. In this book, he repeatedly invokes the names of older writers concerned with living a life in harmony with nature. By mentioning such writers as Muir, Thoreau, and Whitman, Kerouac makes a statement about man and nature. The behavior of the characters in the book is in keeping with this environmentalist message. The high points of the book are characterized by a nearness to nature. A good example of this is when Ray and Japhy climb the Matterhorn. The fact that Kerouac peoples his book with characters inspired by people important to the Sixties, such as Gary Snyder and Allen Ginsburg, helps tie these environmental concerns to the decade as a whole. The most direct example of what Kerouac feels is the ideal relation between man and nature is the story of Han Shan. We are told that Shan is Japhys hero because he was a man of solitude who could take off by himself and live purely and true to himself(Kerouac, The Dharma Bums, 22). By escaping society and living close to nature, he was able to live his life the way the was supposed to. If he had remained in a society in conflict with nature, he would have been twisted and distorted, unable to obtain his true shape. Both Ray and Japhy see reflections of Han Shan in each other. At first glance, there seems to be little in common between these environmental concerns and Goodbye, Columbus.

Heros Essay -- Essays Papers

HerosThroughout time and literature milling machinerys have not changed physically alone the people who be looked to as heros has. A hero is someone who goes supra and beyond what is required to help someone in need. Heros come in many shapes and sizes, and carry many similar but different qualities. Heros are kind people who in truth care for others without any alterrior motives. People who care and donate their time, energy, love, and kindness to others. also a person who is brave, daring and courageous are considered heros. about heros have alterrior motives. They look to things such as notes popularity, repaying debt, fame or higher standard of living. Some people pretend to be a her for being a hero. They try to come off as a person who cares but usually have another agendum bes...

The Works of Andy Warhol Essay -- Andy Warhol Essays

The Pop Arts movement began in the late 50s and early 60s. Dubbed, the founding father of the movement, Andy Warhol brought forward societys obsession with mass culture and allowed it to become the overpower of art itself. Using many techniques such(prenominal) as isolation, repetition and work placement, Warhol brought to the world of art his views on materialism, politics, economics and the media. Andy was quick to warn his admirers and critics, ?do not look any deeper than the sur nervus of my art and my life (Bockris 21). Andy Warhol produced works that defied the universal notion of what art should be. Warhols works were meant to be interpreted at face value, for nothing more than what they portrayed on the dig up. While he express this superficial attitude slightly his art, his works were often the cause of look at and influenced public opinion like no other cultural sign in North America ( Shanes 5 ). Through his series with usual images, celebrities and death, Warho l teaches us that surface images have a lot to say about pop culture. By exploring and learning more about the artist who clear so many doors in the art world, one peck estimate why looking at the surface of his works often meant beholding and consciousness so much more about the society in which we live.Warhols Campbells dope up cans are arguably some of his most famous works. Warhol cherished us to look at the simple image of the can for what it represent to our culture. He challenged old fashioned critics to overcome their ideas of art as labyrinthine and incomprehensible by using simple, common images. Warhols selection of the soup can may be the most important erupt of the work he did with them. He wanted to display his view of America and to him eating Campbells soup represented being American. Andy wanted to explore these common images that are part of our everyday lives, which we accept without hesitation. In his image 32 Soup Cans ( Shanes 53 ), one can note hi s prominent use of repetition. Warhol often employ this technique to magnify the appearance of objects produced mechanically in large quantities. By choosing 32 different varieties of cans Warhol was forcing the viewer to look hard and study his painting to see the difference between each can. He made us realize the way in which we looked at art, always carefully examining and looking for a deeper, hidden mean beneath the surface. On the outsi... ...e voltaic Chairs, Electric Chair ( Gidal 36 ) the object, the chair is the focal point of the piece. We are in no way confused about the message of the painting. In certain Warhol style, it is not necessary to search for a deep meaning. The appearance of vacancy and loneliness is immediately visible. The only words in the picture, ?silence, are taken in subconsciously. The well chosen image makes a statement in itself.The success of Warhols work during the sixties made him an immensely popular artist.At first glance Warhols images appear to be simple. But, it is that simplicity that allowed these images to have such a huge visual impact when the viewer could associate with them. Warhol exemplified the meaning of Pop Art. Though his works may be simple and surface oriented we can see that Warhol had a very accurate understanding of pop culture. He used imagery from popular culture as a means of criticizing contemporary society. His images and ideas were all easily accessible for the audience. appear as arguably the most famous American artist, Andy Warhol opened up many important doors and minds in the art world which modern artists are still benefitting from today.

Julius Caesar Analysis :: essays papers

Julius Caesar AnalysisAristotle was perhaps the pioneer of modern twenty-four hours dramas, morespecific e rattling(prenominal)y dramatic tragedies. He first defined what atragedy is A drama which contained hubris, pathos and/orbathos, and the most determine share in a tragedy, a sadhero. This was usu all(prenominal)y the important character who is terrible in hisdeeds, yet has one flaw which causes him to fall. The sadworks of Shakespeare were no exception. In the drama, JuliusCaesar the reader can clearly substantiate many of the principles of atragedy. That is all except for the sad hero. Ideas as towho is the tragic hero range from Cassius to Julius Caesarhimself. The trouble is all characters have material to corroborateand disprove them. However the hypothesis that Marcus Brutus isthe tragic hero is incorrect. One element to a tragic hero isthe hero has only one tragic flaw, and Brutus clearly has morethan one flaw in his character. The first flaws in Brutuscharacter is his naivete and the assumptions he makes ab forthother characters. Through out the entire story these two flawsare reflected in many of his decisions and actions. A specificexample is his view on the Roman populace. Thinking all Romansare honorable and noble it is non only incorrect, but itplagues him until the very end of the play. One instanceoccurred as the conspirators were meeting. Brutus stated, Letskill him boldly, but not wrathfully...... This shall make ourpurpose necessary and not envious.... (Shakespeare, JuliusCaesar, 2.1. 172 & 177-178). He honestly believed that allinvolved were going to kill Caesar for honorable reasons. Notonce did he question the motives of everyone, where, in realityBrutus probably was the only involved for noble reasons. Brutusundoubtedly convinces the reader of his own naivete when hestates, ... let us bathe our hands in Caesars blood... Letsall cry Peace, freedom, and liberty (3.1. 106 & 110) in force(p)by his enthusiasm, Brutus is not aware of any other motives. He patentlybelieves that , Peace, freedom, and liberty are the only motives.Another example was during his speech at Caesars funeral. ... notthat I wonderd Caesar less, but that I loved capital of Italy more (3.2. 18-20).Addressing the nobility of his actions and his love for Rome, Brutussurmises that the people understand him because of their equal lovefor their country. This assumption is evident because he uses it asthe sole reason for cleaning Caesar. A reason that Brutus believes thepeople agree with, otherwise he would not use it to rationalize such a

Looking out for number one Essay -- essays research papers

Looking Out for Number One strange Cultural Values in aboriginal Seventeenth-Century VirginiaBy T.H Breen The main focalize of Breens essay the focus is on the fact that colonists in Virginia were driven and motivate to come to the New World, predominantly for monetary reasons. Virginias soil was found to be unusually well suited for growing tobacco, which is why it drove much(prenominal) a variety of people to migrate there. The colonists, though said to be religious, were extremely individual, selfish, as well as primarily drawn in by the economic opportunity in Virginia. These attitudes and ideals are what consequently resulted in numerous military defeats and massacres. They avoided their military obligations, thus naming them the vulnerable sickly defended white settlements. These settlements were very easy for the Indians to take advantage of, as Breen writes.Early Virginias flourishing cultivation of tobacco drew a diversity of people, from saucy war veterans and prece dent soldiers, to adventurers and ordinary people looking to recoup from former monetary losses. However the tobacco did not only alter the solid ground culturally and economically, but it threw more wood into the fire. It strengthened the infamous individualistic attitude the colonists had. The advent...

Brain Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring System and Subsequent Nursing Inter

concord to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010), approximately 1.7 billion individuals are diagnosed with a traumatic flair speck (TBI). Within the medical and associate health care professions, various definitions are utilized to particularise what constitutes a TBI (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007). Despite such various definitions, a TBI essentially describes some(prenominal) take a crap of trauma directed at the brain and its surrounding anatomic structures (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007). As with most injuries, a TBI is graded as mild, moderate, or knockout however, in contrast to most severe injuries, a severe TBI nates noxiously affect an individuals motor and cognitive procedure (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007 CDC, 2010). Children and adolescents engender approximately half of all diagnosed traumatic brain injuries (CDC, 2010). According to a literature review study conducted by registered nurse, Abelson-Mitchell (2007), adolescents, between 15 to 18 years of age , are the most vulnerable of obtaining a TBI. such(prenominal) picture has been linked to the continued development of the brain and the number of associated motor vehicle accidents and sport-related injuries (CDC, 2010). Within the last 20 years, the number of adolescents participating in higher(prenominal)school school sports has dramatically increased (Kerr, Collins, Fields, & Cornstock, 2010). Subsequently, the level of competition at bottom high school sports has considerably increased as well, further causation a rise in aggression and physical contact among these childlike athletes (Kerr, Collins, Fields, & Cornstock, 2010). This exemplified civilisation surrounding high school athletics coupled with the ontogenesis brain of an adolescent, places high school athletes at an extremely high attempt of sustaining a sever... ...2008). Management of traumatic brain injury care for institutionalise guidelines for cerebral perfusion and brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) s ystem. Pediatric Nursing, 34, 470472. Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, L. M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing Patient-centered collaborative care. second Saunders Elsevier. Kerr, Z. Y., Collins, C. L., Fields, S. K., & Cornstock, R. D. (2010). Epidemiology of thespianPlayer contact injuries among US high school athletes, 20052009. clinical Pediatrics, 50, 594603. inside 10.1177/0009922810390513. McNett, M. M., & Gianakis, A. (2010). Nursing interventions for critically ill traumatic brain injury patients. daybook of Neuroscience Nursing, 42, 7177. Noble, K. A. (2010). Traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure. journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 25, 242250. doi 10.1016.j.jopan.2010.05.008. Brain Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring System and Subsequent Nursing InterAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010), approximately 1.7 million individuals are diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Within the medical and allied health care professions, various definitions are utilized to define what constitutes a TBI (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007). Despite such various definitions, a TBI essentially describes any form of trauma directed at the brain and its surrounding anatomical structures (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007). As with most injuries, a TBI is graded as mild, moderate, or severe however, in contrast to most severe injuries, a severe TBI can detrimentally affect an individuals motor and cognitive functioning (Abelson-Mitchell, 2007 CDC, 2010). Children and adolescents sustain approximately half of all diagnosed traumatic brain injuries (CDC, 2010). According to a literature review study conducted by registered nurse, Abelson-Mitchell (2007), adolescents, between 15 to 18 years of age, are the most vulnerable of obtaining a TBI. Such vulnerability has been linked to the continued development of the brain and the number of associated motor vehicle accidents and sport-related injuries (CDC, 2010). Within the last 20 years, the number of adolescents participating in high school sports has dramatically increased (Kerr, Collins, Fields, & Cornstock, 2010). Subsequently, the level of competition within high school sports has considerably increased as well, further causing a rise in aggression and physical contact among these young athletes (Kerr, Collins, Fields, & Cornstock, 2010). This exemplified culture surrounding high school athletics coupled with the developing brain of an adolescent, places high school athletes at an extremely high risk of sustaining a sever... ...2008). Management of traumatic brain injury Nursing practice guidelines for cerebral perfusion and brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) system. Pediatric Nursing, 34, 470472. Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, L. M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing Patient-centered collaborative care. Missouri Saunders Elsevier. Kerr, Z. Y., Collins, C. L., Fields, S. K., & Cornstock, R. D. (2010). Epidemiology of playerPlayer contact injur ies among US high school athletes, 20052009. Clinical Pediatrics, 50, 594603. doi 10.1177/0009922810390513. McNett, M. M., & Gianakis, A. (2010). Nursing interventions for critically ill traumatic brain injury patients. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 42, 7177. Noble, K. A. (2010). Traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 25, 242250. doi 10.1016.j.jopan.2010.05.008.

Nuclear Energy :: essays research papers

thermonuclear EnergyDuring the twentieth century scientists know discovered how to unleashthe most powerful cleverness of all Nuclear energy. The study of nuclear energybegan for the same reasons that most scientific studies are begun to understand more than about the universe and the laws by which the universe works. The moreknowledge we have about the universe, the more we can control the humanity in whichwe live.Nuclear energy is contained in the center, or nucleus of an atom. Thisenergy is also known as nuclear energy because its obtained from atoms,unfortunately this is not a good choice of words (because many other energiesare obtained from atoms). An atomic bomb explosion shows just how powerfulmuclear energy rightfully is. Such as the underwater explosion of an atomic bomb atBikini during 1946. This powerful type of energy comes from many things such asatoms and subatomic elements an atom is a tiny irregular of matter that has reallylittle weight. They are much to o light to be weighed directly, only if scientistshave developed methods of determining these tiny weightd by using redundantlabratory instruments. Hydrogen is the lightest of all atoms and carbon atomsweigh twelve times more than the hydrogen atom. Atoms that make up onealement are not worry atoms that make up another element.These (atoms) are not simple particles, their organize is very complexe.They are, in fact, made up of smaller bits of matter called subatomic particles.An atom has two parts. Those two parts are 1)at the center is a nucleus, adensely packed core composed of two kinds of paticles protons and neutrons and2)electrons. The ill in a nucleus of an atom is carried by a particle calleda proton, the number of protons in an atoms nucleus is calle the atomic numberof the atom. nuclear numbers are always whole numbers such as +92. Each atomicnumber is always a whole number, and to each one chemical element has its own atomicnumber. Protons have a compulsive electri cal charge, yet electrons have a negativecharge and since antonym charges attract, it keeps them in their orbits aroundthe nucleus. Neutrons are neutral and weigh a bit more than protons. Thebreaking apart or joining together of atomic nuclei is called a nuclearreaction. A tramendous amount of energy may be released by a nuclear reaction.Nuclear energy is housed in a nuclear reactor. There are many types of nuclearreactors such as a pressurized water reactor.There is no specific place where nuclear nergy may be found, neither isthere a special geographic place a nuclear power plant must be located.

Essays --

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been a constant struggle between the Arab and Jewish population about the establish state Israel.The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been going on for many an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) years, there hold in been a variety of options that could potentially help enlighten this conflict. However, the options that may be provided may non be agreeable. With each solution some(prenominal) sides need questioned the security of the borders, and protection for two the Arab and Jewish population. There waste been many attempts to settle the conflict and so far all of the attempts cave in failed. In this paper I will argue that the Segals Two-State and One-homeland solution bottomland take in the conflict between Israel and Palestine. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict derived from the Zionist population. The Zionist wanted to colonize a piece of land that could be considered the Jewish homeland. As they immigrated to variant parts of Eu rope, they eventually landed in Palestine. In the beginning, the Zionists immigration was non a problem to the people that were already living in Palestine. further the problems presented themselves because the Zionists decided to take over Palestine, and turn it into a Jewish state. As the years went on and the wars continued, majority of Palestine was conquered by Israel. And as a result of the wars, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has remained prevalent throughout history.Segals Two-state and One-homeland solution is the best route to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Both the Jewish and Arab population will soak up their sustain political constructions but the one homeland means they will not make believe to split the historical sites within their state. The two-state suggestion will take to end of the Israeli-Palestinian conf... ...xplains that there should be fair compareity of opportunities for everyone involved. This principle stand be applied to the conflic t because in order to achieve peace, both sides have to have the opportunity for reachity. Rawls claim supports my thesis of Segals solution solvent the conflict between Israel and Palestine. This principle connects with Segals solution because having two states and one-homeland means they have the opportunity to structure their state however they choose to and the opportunity to stick about within the same region their homeland is located. Rawls claim strengthens the argument because his hypothesis is based on basic rights for all and equality of opportunities for all. The idea of equal opportunities connects to the conflict because in order to reach an agreement both sides must(prenominal)(prenominal) be willing to compromise to make everything equal for the states. Essays -- The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been a constant struggle between the Arab and Jewish population about the complete state Israel.The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been going on fo r many years, there have been a variety of options that could potentially help solve this conflict. However, the options that may be provided may not be agreeable. With each solution both sides have questioned the security of the borders, and protection for both the Arab and Jewish population. There have been many attempts to settle the conflict and so far all of the attempts have failed. In this paper I will argue that the Segals Two-State and One-homeland solution can solve the conflict between Israel and Palestine. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict derived from the Zionist population. The Zionist wanted to colonize a piece of land that could be considered the Jewish homeland. As they immigrated to variant parts of Europe, they eventually landed in Palestine. In the beginning, the Zionists immigration was not a problem to the people that were already living in Palestine. simply the problems presented themselves because the Zionists decided to take over Palestine, and turn it into a Jewish state. As the years went on and the wars continued, majority of Palestine was conquered by Israel. And as a result of the wars, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has remained prevalent throughout history.Segals Two-state and One-homeland solution is the best panache to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Both the Jewish and Arab population will have their deliver political constructions but the one homeland means they will not have to split the historical sites within their state. The two-state suggestion will post to end of the Israeli-Palestinian conf... ...xplains that there should be fair equality of opportunities for everyone involved. This principle can be applied to the conflict because in order to achieve peace, both sides have to have the opportunity for equality. Rawls claim supports my thesis of Segals solution terminate the conflict between Israel and Palestine. This principle connects with Segals solution because having two states and one-homeland mean s they have the opportunity to structure their state however they choose to and the opportunity to continue within the same region their homeland is located. Rawls claim strengthens the argument because his possible action is based on basic rights for all and equality of opportunities for all. The idea of equal opportunities connects to the conflict because in order to reach an agreement both sides must be willing to compromise to make everything equal for the states.

Hamlet 9 :: essays research papers

There have been many great thinkers in literature. Characters who examine themselves, others, and the serviceman in a thoughtful and insightful way. One of these introspective and self-aware literary creations is juncture in Shakespeare&8217s play Hamlet. The play is superstar filled with and based on ideas and contemplation as opposed to the firm stream of action that fills many of his other plays. Not that there&8217s any neglect of action in the play. On the contrary, it includes violent deaths, a vicious duel, and a vengeful ghost. There&8217s no lack of physical action after the thought processes are completed, either. The central eccentric person of Hamlet, however, is one who considers before he acts, and whose actions (and their consequences) are therefore not hit-or-miss acts of fate, but deliberately chosen resolutions. Hamlet proves himself to be a tragic figure as well as a sacrificial booster through his private thoughts and his determinations.These major inter nal &8220events begin with Hamlet&8217s reaction to meeting and speaking with his father&8217s ghost. This meeting was the atom smasher for a lot of silent contemplation and turmoil for the young prince. The apparent movement of ideas here is rapid&8211 the Ghost gives a clear, incriminating account of Claudius&8217s involvement in his death, and Hamlet immediately vows to avenge him. His reaction was passionate, and befittingly so. After wholly, no character of integrity and honor could have refused the toil given to him by the Ghost. In making the deliberate decision to avenge his father, Hamlet alerts the reader that he is the central character in the play. It as well lets us know that he is a truly decent and true-blue son as his quest for revenge consumes him. As he says in act one, scene fiveI&8217ll wipe away all trivial, fond records,All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past,That youth and observation copied there,And thy education all alone shall liveWithin the book and volume of my brain, stainless with baser matter. Yes, by heavenHere, Hamlet reveals through his decision a virile lead and overwhelming resolution as he declares that he will completely reject all other pastimes and priorities in order to run into his choice and oath. This steadfastness, though it later wavers, leads directly to all of Hamlet&8217s future actions, from his assumed madness to his rejection of Ophelia to his return from England. The scene shows us Hamlet&8217s motive for his future actions, and starts of his trend of silent brooding.

Rorschach Essay -- essays research papers fc

many, the word inkblot riddle is quite un cognise and to others it is simply known as the inkblot foot race and level(p) then, the real meaning of the Rorschach scrutiny is never acknowledged. The Rorschach inkblot test is a psychological projective test of genius in which a subjects interpretation of ten archetype abstract designs are analyzed as measure of emotional and able functioning and combination. Also, like other projective techniques, it is based on the principle that subjects screening neutral, ambiguous stimuli will project their own personalities onto them, thitherby revealing a variety of unconscious conflicts and motivations. (Aronow p 25) This test, which is administered to both adolescents and adults, can also be used with children as young as three years old. The test provides information about a persons thought process, perceptions, motivations and berth toward his or her environment. It can also detect internal and external pressures and conflicts as wel l as illogical or psychotic thought patterns. in that respect is a lot of confusion on the actual first precedent and/or fo at a lower place of this famous test.The Rorschach was named after a Swiss psychiatrist named Hermann Rorschach. He was born in 1884 in Zurich and died in 1922 collect to complications with appendicitis. He was the original developer of the inkblots, but he did not use them for constitution analysis like they are used to daytime. Throughout his lifetime, Hermann took a stocky interest in psychoanalysis, and during the early 1900s he published several(prenominal) psychoanalytic articles. It was just in 1911 that he had begun experimenting with the interpretation of ink blots as a mean of determining introversion and extroversion. Although some people would speak out he was the first to do so, Rorschach was not the first champion to study ink blots among his famous forerunners of the inkblots are Leonardo da Vinci and Jusinus Kerner. In 1921 the first edit ion was actually published by Ernest Bircher. The test appeared under the name of a book called Psychodiagnostik, which had actually been first written by Hermann Rorschach in 1919 but he had problems finding a publishing company so it was not well received when it first came out. Since 1927 Hans Huber has been the publisher of the Rorschach test and the related book Psychodiagnostics (English ... ...ut turning the cards at fantastic angles or covering portions of the cards is considered as signs of brain damage. In conclusion, even though the test was developed for purposes totally unrelated to accessing character complex body part and personality problems, psychologists today have found ways to use this test in order to help access personality and probe the unconscious mind. Also, despite all the controversy that is caused by this test regarding the results and if they are meaningless, there are still findings that even though throughout the decades it is used less, to this da y it is still a number one choice to assess a personality. WORKS CITEDAronow, Edward. The Rorschach Perceptional Basis Content- Interpretation and Applications. Needham Heights, MA Allyn and Bacon, p 24-40, 1994James, W. psychology the briefer course. Notre Dame University of Notre Dame Press, 1985Piotrowski, Z. A. The movement responses of Rorschach Psychology. (2nd edition) Rickers-Ovsiankina,M.,(Ed) New York Krieger Publishing, p 189-228Sullivan, H. The social Theory of Psychiatry. Perry, H and Gawer, M (ed) New York W.W. Norton and Co. p 79, 1953