Abraham Lincoln :: essays research papers

Abraham capital of Nebraska a true American that made the United States a much unified nation, and a more peaceful place to be. capital of Nebraska was a man of great wisdom and determination, and these traits are what made him into one of the greatest peacemakers of the time. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, a reconstruction plan, helped in ending the horrible Civil War, and some(prenominal) other great things in which made him such a remembered peacemaker.Lincoln brought peace to the slaves of the South by issuing one of his most famous documents the Emancipation Proclamation. This document helped save the slaves everywhere in the United States. This is one of many things that Lincoln did, and maybe one of the most important. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863. It said, &8220Slaves within any state, or designated part of a state&8230then&8230in rebellion, &8230shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free. This proclamation was the main cau se of creating the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This was important because now there was a bigger sense of peace between the slaves, and the hatful that once owned them. This proclamation plays a big part of the peace that we have among the different people of the world today.Lincoln also designed a plan known as the reconstruction. This construction plan would bring peace to the seceded states and Union, and would bring them back together in unity. This plan of reconstruction brought peace to the southward and Union, because now the states that had once seceded from the Union now had a chance to get back in to be unified once again. Under this plan, Lincoln wanted to form 10 percent government. Under this plan, each individual state could form their own government. This brings peace to the individual state governments, because then these people got along better under their own laws, and didn&8217t have to worry about other people doing away with their setup. Reconstr uction was a big part of brotherhood for the United States, and formed a great deal of peace between the North and South.

Use Of The Diary Form Narrative in The Novel Dracula :: Dracula Essays

Use Of The Diary Form Narrative in The Novel Dracula Bram Stoker, being the creative and expert writer himself, wrotethe novel Dracula in the diary form of narrative. This was a good choice ofhow to write the novel since it was very beneficial to the plot of ground of Dracula.Examples of how the diary form is beneficial to Dracula is seen in his writingand book. One of the largeest benefits of the diary narrative is that the readeris allowed see, and feel the emotional hearts and souls of the emotionalcharacters. This is great because when a character is not feeling too greatand is trying hide something, the reader knows this, and therefore the readerknows everything that is happening nothing is being apart(p) from the reader.An example of this happening is when myna bird is at the insane asylum and isworried sick about something happening to Jonathan Harker. Mina hides all thatshe feels when Jonathan Harker is near her. All that Mina is feeling iswritten by herself, and what, how she is feeling is ready for a reader toexamine because they are able to see her diary. If Minas diary was not opento the reader, or if Someone was telling of what he or she saw, the observationcould be false and the reader would lose valuable information that would bevaluable to the whole plot of the book. Some things that provide be noticed about the diary form is that differentviews of the same thing can be expressed by legion(predicate) different people all in firstperson view. Then, along with that, there are extensive and very detaileddescriptions about a thing, or person that is being described. In the novel,this is seen as Jonathan Harker is traveling and he describes almost everything,he does, eat, sees, etc. Another use of the diary form is that Bram Stoker can have people talkto themselves. So if the person who is writing in his or her diary, thatperson can make notes to him/herself writing I must subscribe to the Count about this.So by talking to him/her own self in this manner, he is writing it down andthey do not in any way make it so that they seem strange in front of public.

Daniel Quinn’s Ishmael - The Destruction Continues :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

Ishmael - The Destruction Continues Ishmael The biblical depiction of Adam and eventides " happen upon" builds the foundation of Daniel Quinns novel, Ishmael. In this adventure of the spirit, a telepathic gorilla, Ishmael, uses the history of Biblical characters in order to explain his philosophy on saving the world. Attracting his final student, the vote counter of the novel, with an advertisement "Teacher seeks pupil. Must have an earnest desire to save the world. Apply in person," Ishmael counsels the narrator through a series of questions that forcefulness him to stretch his mind. Diving straight into Biblical allusions, Ishmael begins his lesson with the history of his evolution from "Goliath" (17) to Ishmael. He explains this evolution as a time of realization where he shifts from blindly accepting the infamous reputation of Goliath, an evil giant from the Bible, to the quiet, thoughtful being of Ishmael. After his brief history, Ishmael shifts his attention to the creation. "A culture is a people enacting a story" (41), and the story of the Garden of Eden opened up new thoughts on mans transformation from dependent to independent beings. When Adam and Eve began their lives on earth, they fully depended on the gods for all their necessities. Just like all of the other animals in the garden, they followed the philosophy of "leavers" and left the question of who should live and who should die up to the gods. However, the serpent, a member of the "taker" group tempted Eve with fruit from a tree that would give them the knowledge of life and death. Eve, which means "life" (179) in turn, tempted Adam with the fruit. Although pre-warned that feeding this forbidden fruit would kill man, Adam fell into temptation and his desire for life. Through this action, his eyes were partially opened to the gods vision. However, this knowledge ultimately would lead to the fulfilment of the gods warnings that "the worlds doom was assured" (166). After mans realization, he placed himself in a category separate from the animals and beasts that continued to rely on the worlds situation rather than themselves. An allusion to the Biblical story of Adam and Eves descendents, Cain and Abel continued the progression of mans shift from leavers, to what they are now, takers. The taker philosophy that "the world was made for man" (61), epitomized the their obstinate attitude that the universe was meant to be conquered and victimized by humans.

Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto Essay -- Communist Manifesto Essays

Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx explains the history of all societies as the history of class conflicts, he claims that the creator and direction of all societies is determined by the modes of production, as much(prenominal) when the mode of production no longer suits the relations of edict there is a vicissitude. He predicts that a revolution is coming between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and calls its coming inevitable. Marx argues that the bourgeoisies are no longer fit to rule, nor is their rule sustainable, as such the proletariat exit overthrow them and end all class antagonisms with the creation of a classless fellowship. However, Marx does not give enough credit to nationalism, nor does he ascribe to the possibility of agree between the classes. Due to this he predicts a class war which never, and might never, take place. The first section of the Communist Manifesto describes the history of all society as the hist ory of class conflicts. Claiming, that every society is essentially divided into, the oppressors and the oppressed. Further more than, Marx adds, in the past, societies were organized in more complex combinations and hierarchies, but modern society is being split into two hostile camps. There has always been a continuous conflict between the different classes the end result of these conflicts is always, either the heart and soul suppression of the oppressed classes, or a revolution, which leads to an overhaul of society. He blames the cause for the separation of modern society into only two groups, on the fall of feudalism. These in the altogether class antagonisms are between the proletariat, and the bourgeoisie.Marx views the rise of the bourgeoisie in Europe as the result of a couple of factors firstly, he believes that, the initial elements of the bourgeoisie, were developed by the chartered burghers who evolved from the serfs of the medieval ages. Next, following the great co lonization of the 16th and 17th centuries the market expanded, leading to a great need for increased production. This great involve could not be sufficed by the feudal guilds, as such they were replaced with manufacturing. However, the markets and the demand kept increasing and the manufacturing governance could no longer keep up, as such it also was replaced, by Modern Industry. The Industrial Revolution of the late 18th century and th... ... the revolutionary parties. These sorts of compromises happened, and different socialist parties left behind the ideas of radical revolution and instead pursued gradual improvement through unions and parliament. Thus the previously constant decrease in workers state did not continue, rather the workers started getting more rights, for example universal male suffrage. Also they fought for, and won, social and economic improvements, for example more employment stability, higher wages and laws such as the Ten hr Act of 1847 and the Factory Act of 1833. Such reformations, the increase in the power of Unions and the ability of the workers to vote led to sustainable compromises between the classes, as such no class war took place. Marxs description of European society as driven by economics and divided by class lines is correct. However he fails to see the great influence of nationalism and he does not entertain the idea of compromise between the classes, because of this he wrongly predicts the destruction of the capitalist system and the bourgeoisies by the proletariat. Works CitedMcLellan, David. Karl Marx Selected Writings (Oxford, NY Oxford University Press, 1977)

The Harlem Drag Culture :: History Culture Cultural Essays

The Harlem Drag CultureFoucault, Moraga, Fuss, hooks, Butler. These authors, along with many an(prenominal) more, have come to themselves with the defining of categories. In reading these authors our class has, upon every occasion of meeting, discussed the formation of categories. What we have discovered, in part, is that things are not defined by what they are, but by what they are not. Diana Fuss, in her article Inside/Out, states any personal identity is founded relationally, constituted in reference to an exterior or outside that defines the subjects own interior boundaries and corporeal surfaces (Fuss, Inside/Out, 234). A common example of this, derived from Freud, is that males are defined by their having a penis, while females are defined by their lack of one. Defining identity is not necessarily so binary. As Cherre Moraga puts it Call me something meant to set me apart from you and I will know who I am (Moraga, The Breakdown of the Bicultural Mind, 237). The subcultures of American hunting lodge, cultures that are not part of the white patriarchy, are defined by how they differ from this white patriarchy. Our class was privileged to be introduced to one subculture found in Harlem during the late 1980s through the documentary Paris is Burning by Jennie Livingston (1992). This documentary captured the lives of men who lived outside the prevailing culture. They had several strikes against them they were Latino and African American, they were homosexual, and many of them were poor, sometimes even homeless. These men came together to form a kinship network, in the form of houses, to protect and support one another. Out of this milieu true drag balls, balls in which the men dressed up and competed in different categories, such as executive, realness, and voguing. The object of most of these categories was to mimic dominant society by looking like the heterogeneous members of the white patriarchy. After watching Paris is Burning, reading critiques of i t, listening to class discussions, and processing through my own thoughts about the look at that I have come to struggle with an extremely large tension I am confronted with in thinking about the drag ball subculture of Harlem. Is the mimicking of dominant society by this culture a way of subverting it or is it supporting and perpetuating the white patriarchal ideal? Do these men redefine dominant society in their own terms and take control of it?

The Harlem Drag Culture :: History Culture Cultural Essays

The Harlem Drag CultureFoucault, Moraga, Fuss, hooks, Butler. These authors, along with many more, have concerned themselves with the defining of categories. In indicant these authors our class has, upon every occasion of meeting, discussed the formation of categories. What we have discovered, in discover, is that things are not defined by what they are, but by what they are not. Diana Fuss, in her obligate Inside/Out, states any identity is founded relationally, constituted in reference to an exterior or outside that defines the subjects own interior boundaries and corporeal surfaces (Fuss, Inside/Out, 234). A jet example of this, derived from Freud, is that males are defined by their having a penis, while females are defined by their lack of one. Defining identity is not necessarily so binary. As Cherre Moraga puts it Call me something meant to set me apart from you and I will know who I am (Moraga, The Breakdown of the Bicultural Mind, 237). The sub acculturations of American society, cultures that are not part of the white patriarchy, are defined by how they differ from this white patriarchy. Our class was privileged to be introduced to one subculture found in Harlem during the late 1980s done the docu mentary Paris is Burning by Jennie Livingston (1992). This documentary captured the lives of men who lived outside the dominant culture. They had several strikes against them they were Latino and African American, they were homosexual, and many of them were poor, sometimes even homeless. These men came together to form a kinship network, in the form of houses, to protect and support one another. Out of this milieu developed drag balls, balls in which the men dressed up and competed in different categories, such as executive, realness, and voguing. The object of most of these categories was to mimic dominant society by looking like the confused members of the white patriarchy. After watching Paris is Burning, reading critiques of it, listening to class discussions, and processing through my own thoughts about the film that I have have it away to struggle with an extremely large tension I am confronted with in thinking about the drag ball subculture of Harlem. Is the mimicking of dominant society by this culture a way of subverting it or is it supporting and perpetuating the white patriarchal ideal? Do these men redefine dominant society in their own legal injury and take control of it?

Periodic Table and Sodium Essay

Sodium, one of many elements in the periodic table is being use in eitherday life, it is also an essential element within your body. It is just another element, but one of the differences is that this element is something that most people consume every day. Sodium has played an important role in everyday life because of its uses in medicine, industry, and agriculture(Shriver). Sodium was discovered in 1807 by a man named Sir Humphrey Davy. He was well known for his discoveries of most alkali metals and Alkaline Earth Metals, such as potassium, magnesium, and many more(Chemicool Periodic Table).Sodium is from the alkali metal family. in that respect are five more chemical elements from the same exact family. The period number of atomic number 11 is three. Na is the chemical symbol of sodium on the periodic table. Na is the symbol because it comes from the Latin word Natrium, which means sodium (Periodic). Its atomic number is eleven and it has the atomic mass of 22. 98977, which makes it the fifth largest in its family(Web Elements). Each and every element has difference has a difference between each of them.When Sodium is not exposed to air it is silvery- white in color and is bright and shiny. When it is unplowed in open air, it becomes dull and gray because of the reaction with the oxygen present in the atmosphere. At room temperature, sodium is found in the form of a solid which is very soft to touch. Due to its softness, you can easily cut it with a table knife(Mukherjee). Its melting point is 97. 72 degrees Celsius and 207. 9 degrees Fahrenheit. The frost point is the same as the melting point but the boiling point is 883 degrees Celsius and 1621 degrees Fahrenheit(Web Elements).When a fresh piece of sodium comes in contact with air, it forms sodium oxide and this oxide forms a white coating and protects the metal from any other reaction. The reaction with sodium and water supply can be very dangerous. Reaction of sodium with water allows in sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. As heat is produced during this reaction, it is called exothermic reaction. This released heat often burns the hydrogen gas and as a result fire may break out. If large pieces of sodium are put into water it can lead to loud explosions(Mukherjee). Most elements are use in everyday life. They can be used in same ways and different ways.Sodium compounds have many uses in industry, medicine, agriculture, and photography. Manufactures use sodium borate in making ceramics, soaps , and many more. Sodium hydroxide is an important industrial alkali used in refining petroleum and many people take sodium bicarbonate to relieve an overly acid stomach Pure sodium mostly is used in industrial uses. Some is used to produce such metals as titanium and zirconium. One of main everyday uses of sodium that everyone knows about is salt. Forty percent of sodium is used to make salt and most promising people consume salt every day(Shriver).Sodium is the fourth most abundant e lement and it makes up almost 2. 6% of the Earths crust. some other fact is that sodium is highly reactive , which makes the storage of the element a very hard task. The best way to store it is by putting it into smooth-spoken hydrocarbons. Sodium is also very important to the body because it helps regulate blood pressure, muscle relaxation, fluid balance in the body, and much more(Periodic Table). This element is incorporated in the project by the using table salt. The table salt represents the element sodium and it exit be hit by a marble which will tilt the salt to pour onto the fries.This element was chosen because it is very commonly used in everyday life, it would be very easily incorporated in the project, it was a very interesting element, and while it is very easy to incorporate in the project it also seems very challenging. In conclusion, Sodium is highly used in everyday life. It can be used in medicine, food, and more(Shriver). It has many interesting facts that many people probably do not know, but should know. There are about 115 elements in the periodic table and sodium is just one of those elements(Chemicool Periodic Table)

Bad Boys

Nick Stephens 4/3/13 Albritton Sociology 3255 Bad Boys Ann Arnett Fergusons book Bad Boys discusses the way educators and other people in the civilize systems, and society as a whole view inglorious youth in todays world. at that place ar many stereotypes that ar discussed and stigmas that stick with black children through their entire lives in Fergusons book. In order to prohibit further damage to this part of our society the reader should take a long hard look at the hassles brought forth by Bad Boys. adept problem that Ferguson discusses in her book is adultification. According to her definition adultification is the idea that teachers and other adults see black children as volitionfully bad. Since they are seen in this light it creates an idea that black boys have adult motivations thus, making black boys seem bid criminals instead of kids. Also, along the same lines, black girls are perceived as dangerously sexual. charm this issue seems sort of ridiculous, these thing s actually happen in our public school system.While white children are seen as naturally naughty, essentially authority figures adopt the boys will be boys mentality when white boys get in anxiety or act out, instead of issuing punishment equally to white children who act out. Ferguson states, One the one hand children are assumed to be dissembling, devious, because they are more egocentric. On the other hand, there is an attribution of innocence to their wrongdoing. In both cases, this is understand to be a temporary condition, a stage prior to maturity. (80)A nonher problem that Ferguson observes in her book is the two controlling images of black males in schools. She says, Two ethnic images stigmatize black males in the United States today one represents him as a criminal, and the other depicts him as an endangered species. I found that both of these images were normally invoked at Rosa Parks School for identifying, classifying, and making punishment decisions by the adults re sponsible for disciplining the kids. (20) The way that black boys are seen creates a social hierarchy establish solely on class.Ferguson is able, through her first-hand experience, to record instances that show these problems in action and give the reader insight to the problems that are cosmos addressed. The image of black children being criminals is inherent to their development. If they are treated from a fresh age as criminals, they will make uptually come to accept that as part of their social identity, leading(a) them to actually commit crimes in the future. If they were treated equally then black children, especially males, may not be on a definite travel guidebook into the heart of the criminal justice system by the time they are adults.Ferguson addresses another problem that has a severe effect on the psyche of young black boys in public schools. Teachers and administrators alike are guilty of take for granted that these children are headed for a future of crime. They are labeled as unsalvageable and bound for jail. She uses the example, There is a jail cell with your name on it coming from the teacher to one of their students. This is damaging to the childs development because it seemingly predetermines their fate. The punishing means that Ferguson discusses is primarily made up of black boys.The punishing room makes these boys truly believe that they are bad, and that since even their teachers and other superiors cannot see through this it tends to give the children a disposition of identity as someone who is bad, and does not receivedly count. With the punishing room the idea is solidified in the minds of these children, which is a problem. Ideally these troubled children should be worked with individually in order to get to the root of the reason that they are acting out in school. Ferguson says about the punishing room, The child who gets in trouble is the norm. Identities and reputations are made and remade here.It is the space in the s chool in which everyone is like yourself-in trouble-and you are no longer different. This quote gives the reader a visible lengthiness of why some of these children, deemed unsalvageable by their teachers, may get into trouble on purpose so they have to go to this place where at least they are not alone. This leads into the idea of the importance of group identity. Ferguson explains the importance of group identity in her book by basically saying that kids need to feel like they fit it, and they will use whatever tools necessary in order to do so.This is all brought together by the idea of cultural capital. Ferguson explains that in the school system there is a hierarchy of the children, The disciplinary techniques of the school actively produce social identities of good, bad, gifted, having potential, troubled, and troublesome, alternatively than ferret them out and reveal them as they naturally exist. The importance of group identity is essential in the development of all child ren. It helps them to develop a sense of self, who they are, and who they want to be.The problem lies in the fact that children are becoming fine with the idea that they are bad and come to accept that as reality, which allows them to form that identity, in turn making them into bad kids, because the only way that they are able to fit in to the social atmosphere is by acting out and getting in trouble. The boys in Fergusons study use the importance of group identity, coping mechanisms in public, and classroom performance in tandem to secure their deliver personal identities. Most of the kids are not really that bad they often have extenuating circumstances outside of school that make school not seem important to them.They often feel secluded, which draws from the problem with adultification by their teachers and other superiors. So by acting out in the classroom they get attention, even though it is negative attention, it is still attention. Through the eyes of the teachers it see ms like they are just putting forth a poor classroom performance. They do not see the struggles that the children go through outside of school, which tends to directly have an impact on the way the handle themselves in social situations, craving the need to kick the bucket to some sort of group. So they turn to what is presented to them, being bad.In conclusion, there are many flaws with the education system in the United States. The processes in which black children are dealt with need to be reformed. The idea of adultification as defined by Ferguson is a serious issue that plagues schools, where even teachers who are conscious of this fall into the category of flavor at black children as small adults, holding them to different standards than their white counterparts. They are still subject to the controlling images of black males as being criminals, and assuming that they are on the path to prison anyway, so what is the use. This is unacceptable.Different strategies in dealing w ith this problem should be implemented than the ones that the public school system has to offer at the present time. Through Fergusons first-hand accounts of what she observed during her time in Rosa Parks School the reader is painted a picture of the very real problems at hand. Most people outside of these schools do not even realize what is going on and that is a problem as well. By examine Fergusons work one can hope that in the near future there will be some sort of reconstruction of the schools in order to help prevent further damage and stigmatization to black children.

Organisation Behaviour Essay

Using the concepts that you subscribe to read in the book, describe what would be according to your personality the ideal job for you ? (Sessions 1 and 2) With noadays global and competitive environment, make-up Behaviour look further in workforce diversity. It seeks to include different personnalities in an organisation to improve performances and increase organisation values. personality is about find out a persons reactions and interactions with others. Though a part of this fact is determined by heredity, it is also a process of turn relate to mental growth and personal development.Finding a job that ideally corresponds to my personality is not as easy as it seems.According to OB experts, a unsloped job hold up refers to the degree to which a persons cognitive abilities, interests and personality dynamics fit those required by the job (Chuck Russell Right Person Right Job, Guess or Know).So job fit is not only about interconnected technical skills, exclusively it is also about matching my inner passion and talent with the job and with the organisation. It has been proven that a unspoilt job fit increases performances and attracts talent. On the other hand, a bad job fit can have a negative impact thats why it is critical to success.To find my ideal job, on that point are many different tools base on personality traits to describe an individuals behaviour and distinguish differences, but I have chosen two of them to analyse myself Firstly, the MYERS-BRIGGS compares four character reference indicators Extroverted vs Introverted, Sensing vs Intuitive, Thinking vs Feeling, Judging vs Perceiving. Personally, I think that I used to be an ESFJ person (called the Guardian Provider), but that I changed with time into an ESTJ person. (called the Gardian Supervisor). This change is maybe caused by my personal evolvment.Secondly, OB has also focused on big five factors related to job outcomes Extraversion, amenity, Conscientiousness, Emotional stab ility, and Openness to experience. To have an outside opinion about my own personality, I have taken a test online (www.personalitytest.org.uk) by answering questions reflecting these five factors. My results were Extroversion preference to social situations Agreeableness tendency to be trusting friendly and cooperative Conscientiousness methodical, well organized and dutiful Neuroticism tendency to feel insecurity and emotional woe Openness interest in creativity, culture and educational experiencesAfter my self discovery through this analysis, and regarding the relationship between personality and performances, I cannot say that theres a unique ideal job for me. But taking into consideration my personal preferences, I would like to work as a market Brand Manager..I think this job would fit me like a glove because it requires a lot of organisational skills by planning the marketing process, and co-ordinating all the elements related to promotion and sales. It requires group work management, with open-minded and regular interactions and communication with the employees. it is also connected to creativity that adds value to the organisation, not only in advertising but in all the marketing process. It demand an ability to adapt myself to different situations through innovation It gives me satisfaction to have concrete results of my work that can have an impact on the companys performance.These elements of the Marketing Brand Managers job fits well with my personality because they reflect what I am good at. There is no good or bad personality, because every person is different from the other, and so every person has its place in an organisation.Therefore, finding the stovepipe job fit is not only related to what we know, but it is more about what we are today and how we interact.

Principles of Economics Essay

Italy is one of industrial countries in the world in European. According to Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (28 May 2009), Italy has ii sections of economy one is authentic industrial north and less-developed with high unemployment in south. In 2008, the unemployment tramp in Italy was estimated with 6. 8%, especially in agriculture. In the current financial crisis, many companies brook stuck in financial difficulties so that they could not provide work and pay enough salary for employees. It leads to employees dismissal and workers pose unemployment.In some other cases, great deal lose their jobs by their skills are not enough with work requirement and by many unpredictable reasons, namely ingrained calamity, earthquake, tsunami. Unemployment is one of the most habitual problems in many countries all over the world. High unemployment rate cites bad influences on not only national economy tho excessively life history condition of citizens. People are bequeathing to wor k but they can not find any job. They would have to reduce their demands so that productivity of firms as well decreases. Unemployment also affects to some other factors such as health, education, insurance, etc.In many countries, the Government tries to control unemployment rate effectively. Because of unemployment situation, the Government has to spend more silver on investing and purchasing goods and services made by firms to increase productivity in a short time. This section called Government expenditure or Government spending. The more the Government spends on firms, the better the bon ton could be. Moreover, the Government also has to spend a huge amount of capital on construct schools, hospitals and improving traffic system per year.Especially, the Government would be in charge when there is any problem that influences civil living, such as poverty, communicative diseases, natural disasters and other social welfares for orphan children and old quite a little. SUMMARY O F THE ARTICLE An earthquake in Italy. Death in the mountains The article is all about an earthquake happened in LAquila, Italy recently which caused at least 250 cases death over 1,000 injured, a loss of 39 habitants of Onna single village and 13,000 buildings damaged, (included the historic and artistic monuments).Besides, there is 17,000 stack became homeless and the number of those who are unable to return to their homes until having been inspected is perhaps as many as 70,000. These numbers show that Italy in general and its economy in particular is facing a big trouble. How does Italy deal with this? Mr Silvio Berlusconi, the Minister of Economy and Finance of Italy firstly announced a dispatch of 14,500 tents for the homeless after touring to the field of operation and those bulk are being cared for by the authorities.He also decided to decline offers of foreign help despite the magnitude of the damage is daunting and the overt debt is exceeding the annual GDP of Italy. B esides, he intended to tap European Union funds as well as spending some bills for the construction project as a response to the economic crisis. UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment is simply known as people who are at the work age but currently jobless, those who are able and willing to work but cannot find a job or those who quit their job or being blast for some reasons. High unemployment makes bad affect not only for the living condition of people but also for the national economy.There are two types of unemployment Dis equipoise unemployment is which happens when the average real wage rate is higher(prenominal) than the point that equates the aggregate demand and the supply of labour. equalizer unemployment is which happens when there are people unable or unwilling to find jobs. Applying to Italy economy, according to Italica saucys, the unemployment rate in Italy is quite high, 7. 1 percent in quarter 4 of 2008. And as mentioned above, the recently earthquake brings Italy a big tr ouble that it killed people, destroyed their homes, work places, and thus, people suddenly become homeless, jobless.This not only affects to the living of people but also leads the economy of Italy into abstruse recession. Unemployment occurs. Italy case of unemployment is type of disequilibrium unemployment the earthquake destroyed the work places, people obviously lose jobs, besides, when the buildings collapsed or are damaged, firms have to spend money on retrace and repair things, thus there will be a cut back on production and on the number of labour (demand-deficient) and as a result, the number of unemployment goes high (supply is higher than demand), there is surplus of labour in Italy.Secondly, this case can also be considered as frictional unemployment (a type of equilibrium unemployment) because people are not voluntarily leave their jobs but they are made redundant and losing their work places. In addition, using the circular flow of income will help explain better how the earthquake affects the economy of Italy. When people become unemployment, they will tend to cut back their consumption (domestic consumption goods and service decreases), lower saving, thus, the firms lower their productivity (national income decreases, net saving increase).The Government will decreases valuatees (net taxes decrease), in contract, to rebuild things, the investment and government expenditure will increase. The export expenditure and merchandise expenditure will decrease because earthquake affects a lot on the tourism of Italy as it destroyed many ancient structures of Italy and make this place a mess. (Y) (C) (I) (G) (X) (S) (T) (M)SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES ON ITALYS ECONOMY 1. Short-term effects Demand Curve P Supply curve shift P1 Equilibrium P2 New Equilibrium New demand curve Demand curve Q2 Q1 Q Actually, because of strongly earthquake destruction, citizens lives are affected. They live essentially base on grants and money that dra w from the bank. The demand will decrease and curve shift to the left side so that make a new lower equilibrium.In this difficulty, the company cannot prevent the business because people dont want to spend money. This change will make a worse effect to economic that electrostatic got piles of problem. Circular Flow of Income Corruption (I) (G) (X) (Y) (C) (S) (T) (M) Transfer Payments Corruption Properly, the earthquake effected directly and strongly to economy of Abruzzo region as well as GDP of Italy in 2009. Apply to the circular flow of incomeFirstly, people lost their houses and properties so that the consumption of goods and services will decrease after that the national income also decreases because firms were collapsed by the earthquake destruction and the demand is lower. Firms would produce less bring the price to higher. Secondly, the saving will decrease at the accidental region because people do not have so much money and increase in another places because the price is higher, people frequently save money. Due to the move of demand, banks and investors will keep money, spend less into the investment.Thirdly, government expenditure must to spend a huge amount for rebuilding the infrastructure, namely customary transportation, pipelines, and electricity. Moreover, the remove payment is spent on unemployment, finding death and survivors under the ruins, relieving homeless people, providing drinks, food and medical treatments. After the earthquake, the firms fell down many jobs lost LAquila is the old city with famous architecture, the tourism is heavily affected so the taxation will decrease.Moreover, the putrescence happened that make the circular flow of income become smaller and smaller and could be broken. To sum up, the circular of income is directly affected by earthquakes as well as natural disasters. The solution for that problem lighten has many barriers Italy government and President Berlusconi must work totally hard. 2. Long-term e ffects. Earthquake directly affected certain macroeconomics variables include natural resources, physical enceinte, military personnel capital and technology. Mostly, the nix impacts will be set on the short time, but positive influences also are classified permanently.First, the natural resources is destroyed that make bad impacts the economic depend on tourism like LAquila shortly, but in the long-term, it contribute new landscapes naturally in attracting people to come. Second, the physical capitals are collapsed and governments, investors will put money to build new ones fast and strongly replace the old. For example, President and parliament plan to build British-style new town in LAquila, make it more modern and ready to develop. The infrastructures will give people the jobs in building and fixing.It affects on human capital who are unemployment and poverty because of the disaster. Last, government will spend more to extend the forecast systems, make it become more blameles s and faster in noticing the earthquakes. Definitely, negative or positive effects depend mostly on circumstances. With the high rank of corruptions, public debts and the downturn of national economy Italy will make lots of efforts on turn round the development and increase % GDP. CORRUPTION Corruption is a fact of life around the world, appears in all countries with low, medium or even high-income economy.Corruption leads to inequality, wasted resources and wasted public money. Corruption emerges one of the most serious problems within Italian economy besides high rate of unemployment and public debt, and it is related intimately with criminal organization known as mafia. There are some different types of corruption such as bribery, blackmail, tax evasion, official misconduct, etc. (Independent Commission Against Corruption. ) but within this work and the given case study we just mention corruption in Italian public works.Transparency Internationals 2008 Bribe Payers Index found th at public works/construction was the sector most vulnerable to corruption in emerging economies worldwide. It is really difficult to measure exactly the level of corruption in a specific country since the amount of money involved is not reported. all data used to estimate corruption in this work is based on the figure provided by Transparency International (TI), the global civil caller organisation bills itself as a leader in fighting against corruption.TI uses CPI (Corruption Perception Index ) rank countries in terms of the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. The CPI draws on different polls and surveys from more than ten independent institutions, for example, World Bank/European Bank for reconstruction and Development, World Markets Research Centre, International Institute for Management Development and so on. Those surveys are also carried out among businesspeople and country analysts, including surveys of residents of cou ntries.It is not the most accurate tool to measure corruption in any specific country but it is quite reliable. After the terrible earthquake on April 6, 2009, according to intragroup Minister Roberto Maroni, Italy needs at least 12 billion euros to rebuild Abruzzo (News Source 2009 Reuters). However, with the quite high score in the 2008 CPI (4. 8 ), the government of Italy has to be cautious and consider carefully when pouring money into reconstructing Abruzzo unless they want to make another scandal Campania 1980, when some money was diverted to the Camorra, one of 3 biggest mafia organizations in Italy.When corruption exists, the money from transfer payment in circular flow of income will run out instead of injecting fully to households. The higher level of corruption is, the more money runs out that circular, causes the lesser supply of money in the whole economy and the government has to spend more money that would raise the public debt. If there is a corruption in the above project of Italy, the government will face the increase in public debt which exceeded Italys annual GDP already. And if the Italian Treasury were unable to find buyers for Italian sovereign bonds, Italy could default.

Tasmac

Chapter 20 Development Experience Of India Pakistan And china- A Comparative topic Learning Objectives INTRODUCTION * chinaware *Pakistan COMPARITIVE STUDY INDIA, CHINA AND PAKISTAN Demographic Indicators Growth Indicators human development Indicators. Appraisal of Development Strategies ( China and Pakistan ) Q1. analyse amidst India, China,& Pakistan in terms of gross domestic product offshootrate. Ans After the Independence in 1947, India & Pakistan adopted mean development programmes which relied on public sector to spearhead the process of growth and development. China adopted much rigorous model of growth in 1949 and it unconquerable to bring all critical areas of production activity under presidency control. The great leap forward (GLF) campaign was launched in 1958, focusing on general Industrialization of the Economy. People were encouraged to launch household Industry in the country yards. China adopted Commune system of agricultural production which was a system of collective cultivation. Great Proletarian Cultural revolution launched in 1065 and making it mandatory for the students and professionals to go to the country side to work and learn from the countryside. Chinas trade driven manufacturing is the key parameter of its mastery story in economical growth. Till about 1980, the economies of India, china, & Pakistan did not show much divergence in the gross domestic product growth rate and it was around 4% annually. It was around early eighties in China, mid 80s in Pakistan, 90s in India that the breakthrough in GDP Growth rate was enter. In 2005, India & Pakistan both recorded GDP growth of 6 to 8 pct, where as china recorded GDP growth of about 10% per annum. 2.Compare the structure of growth in the midst of India, China, and Pakistan. % Share in GDP % share in employment India Pakistan China India Pakistan China Primary 23 23 15 60 49 54 Secondary 26 23 53 16 18 27 third 51 54 32 24 33 19 China has succeeded in placin g greater reliance on Industrial sector compared to India &Pakistan. It is due to (i) GLF , a campaign launched in China in 1958 focusing on general Industrialization of the acres . (ii) Policy of reforms and opening up launched in 1978 which gave big push to chinas manufacturing exports.Page 74 Sector Q4. What is the important implication of the cardinal child average in China? Ans One child norm in China has successfully reduced the growth rate of state . After few decades in china there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people. This will hurl China to take steps to provide social security measures with fewer workers. Q5. Compare the Demographic profile of India, China, and Pakistan. Ans One child policy in china adopted since 1979 has reduced the growth rate of population from 1. 3 percent in 1979 to0. 64% in 2005. (i) Growth rate of Population inelegant Growth rate of Population 0. 64 China 1. 33 India 2. 5 Pakistan affluence rate is also very low in china as Compared to India & Pakistan. ii)Low Density of Population Country Person per square kilometer China 138 India 358 Pakistan 193 iii) urbanization Country % of Population China 36% India 28% Pakistan 34% iv) commove ratio Country Female per 1000 male China 937 India 933 Pakistan 922 Q6. Compare between the parameter of Human development. Ans.Human development i)HDI Ranking Country Ranking in the world China 81 India 128 Pakistan 136 ii) INFANT MORTALITY RATE Country Per universal gravitational constant China 30 India 63 Pakistan 81 iii) Maternal Mortality sum up Country Per Lack China 56 Page 75 India Pakistan iv) Improved sanitization Country China India Pakistan v) Safe Drinking Water facility Country China India China vi) Below Poverty Line Country China India Pakistan 540 vitamin D Of Population 44% 30% 54% Of Population 77% 86% 77% Of Population 16. 6% 21. 8% 13. 4% Q7. indicate the common success story of India &Pakistan.Ans i) A substantial rise in GDP per cap ita. ii) autonomy in food production. iii) Dualistic nature of the economy is gradually declining. iv) Considerable gain in the incidence of poverty. Q8. Mention the common failures of India and Pakistan. Ans. I) Relatively slow pacing of GDP growth rate as Compared to China. 2) shortsighted performance in HDI ranking. 3) Poor fiscal management. 4) Lack of political interest for social prosperity. Q 9. Mention the areas where India has an beach over Pakistan. Ans. i) Skilled manpower ii) Investment in Education. ii) Health facilities. Q10. Mention the areas where Pakistan has an butt over India. Ans 1) Urbanization 2) Less percentage of population at a lower place poverty line. 3) More percentage of population having access to improved water sources. Q11. Mention the areas where China has an edge over India. Ans. 1) China has successfully focused on Pro-poor reforms. 2) Agrarian reforms have been effectively carried out. 3) Export driven manufacturing has significantly grown, adding to the pace of GDP growth. 4) SEZ policy has proved to be a boon for FDI flow in India. Page 76TasmacChapter 20 Development Experience Of India Pakistan And China- A Comparative Study Learning Objectives INTRODUCTION *China *Pakistan COMPARITIVE STUDY INDIA, CHINA AND PAKISTAN Demographic Indicators Growth Indicators Human development Indicators. Appraisal of Development Strategies ( China and Pakistan ) Q1. Compare between India, China,& Pakistan in terms of GDP growthrate. Ans After the Independence in 1947, India & Pakistan adopted planned development programmes which relied on public sector to spearhead the process of growth and development. China adopted more rigorous model of growth in 1949 and it decided to bring all critical areas of production activity under government control. The great leap forward (GLF) campaign was launched in 1958, focusing on widespread Industrialization of the Economy. People were encouraged to launch household Industry in the country yards. China adopted Commune system of agricultural production which was a system of collective cultivation. Great Proletarian Cultural revolution launched in 1065 and making it mandatory for the students and professionals to go to the country side to work and learn from the countryside. Chinas Export driven manufacturing is the key parameter of its success story in economic growth. Till about 1980, the economies of India, china, & Pakistan did not show much divergence in the GDP growth rate and it was around 4% annually. It was around early 1980s in China, mid 80s in Pakistan, 90s in India that the breakthrough in GDP Growth rate was recorded. In 2005, India & Pakistan both recorded GDP growth of 6 to 8 percent, where as china recorded GDP growth of about 10% per annum. 2.Compare the structure of growth between India, China, and Pakistan. % Share in GDP % share in employment India Pakistan China India Pakistan China Primary 23 23 15 60 49 54 Secondary 26 23 53 16 18 27 Tertiar y 51 54 32 24 33 19 China has succeeded in placing greater reliance on Industrial sector compared to India &Pakistan. It is due to (i) GLF , a campaign launched in China in 1958 focusing on widespread Industrialization of the Country . (ii) Policy of reforms and opening up launched in 1978 which gave big push to chinas manufacturing exports.Page 74 Sector Q4. What is the important implication of the one child norm in China? Ans One child norm in China has successfully reduced the growth rate of population . After few decades in china there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people. This will force China to take steps to provide social security measures with fewer workers. Q5. Compare the Demographic profile of India, China, and Pakistan. Ans One child policy in china adopted since 1979 has reduced the growth rate of population from 1. 3 percent in 1979 to0. 64% in 2005. (i) Growth rate of Population Country Growth rate of Population 0. 64 China 1. 33 India 2. 5 P akistan Fertility rate is also very low in china as Compared to India & Pakistan. ii)Low Density of Population Country Person per square kilometer China 138 India 358 Pakistan 193 iii) Urbanization Country % of Population China 36% India 28% Pakistan 34% iv) Sex ratio Country Female per 1000 male China 937 India 933 Pakistan 922 Q6. Compare between the parameter of Human development. Ans.Human development i)HDI Ranking Country Ranking in the world China 81 India 128 Pakistan 136 ii) INFANT MORTALITY RATE Country Per thousand China 30 India 63 Pakistan 81 iii) Maternal Mortality Rate Country Per Lack China 56 Page 75 India Pakistan iv) Improved Sanitation Country China India Pakistan v) Safe Drinking Water facility Country China India China vi) Below Poverty Line Country China India Pakistan 540 500 Of Population 44% 30% 54% Of Population 77% 86% 77% Of Population 16. 6% 21. 8% 13. 4% Q7. Mention the common success story of India &Pakistan.Ans i) A substantial rise in GDP per capita . ii) Self-sufficiency in food production. iii) Dualistic nature of the economy is gradually declining. iv) Considerable increase in the incidence of poverty. Q8. Mention the common failures of India and Pakistan. Ans. I) Relatively slow pace of GDP growth rate as Compared to China. 2) Poor performance in HDI ranking. 3) Poor fiscal management. 4) Lack of political interest for social prosperity. Q 9. Mention the areas where India has an edge over Pakistan. Ans. i) Skilled manpower ii) Investment in Education. ii) Health facilities. Q10. Mention the areas where Pakistan has an edge over India. Ans 1) Urbanization 2) Less percentage of population below poverty line. 3) More percentage of population having access to improved water sources. Q11. Mention the areas where China has an edge over India. Ans. 1) China has successfully focused on Pro-poor reforms. 2) Agrarian reforms have been effectively carried out. 3) Export driven manufacturing has significantly grown, adding to the pace of GDP growth. 4) SEZ policy has proved to be a boon for FDI flow in India. Page 76

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 30

unconditional had given up on clues. As far as he could tell, something had cause Elena to bypass the Dunstan house and barn completely, hopping on and on until she got to a squashed and torn grapple of thin creeping vines. They hung limp from Matts fingers, and they reminded him, disquietingly, of the feeling of the bugs tentacles near his neck.And from there on there was no sign of human movement. It was as if a UFO had beamed her up.Now, from making forays to all sides until he had lost the patch of creepers, he was lost in the thickset woodland. If he wanted to, he could fantasize that all sorts of noises were all around him. If he wanted to, he could imagine that the frail of the flashlight was no longer as bright as it had been, that it had a sickly yellowish tinge.All this time, while searching, he had unplowed as quiet as possible, realizing that he cleverness be filtering to sneak up on something that didnt want to be snuck up on. merely now, somewhere deep down him, something was swelling up and his ability to s trespass it was weakening by the second.When it burst out of him, it startled him as much as it might have whatever possible listeners.EllleeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaaaaFrom the time when hed been a child, Matt had been taught to say his nighttime prayers. He didnt know much else about church, but he did have a deep and sincere feeling that there was Some sensation or Something out there that looked after quite a little. That somewhere and somehow it all do sense, and that there were reasons for ein truththing.That belief had been disadvantageously tested during the past year.But Elenas return from the dead had swept away all his doubts. It had seemed to prove everything that hed always wanted to believe in.You wouldnt give her back to us for honest a few days, and because take her away again? he wondered, and the wondering was really a form of praying. You wouldnt would You?Because the fantasy of a instauration without Elena, witho ut hersparkle her strong will her way of getting into crazy adventures and then getting out of them, even more crazily well, it was too much to lose. The world would be painted in drab grays and dark browns again without her. There would be no fire-engine reds, no flashes of parakeet green, no cerulean, no daffodil, no mercury atomic number 47 and no gold. No sprinkles of gold in endless blue lapis lazuli gists.Elllleeeeeeenaaaa Damn you, you answer me Its Matt, Elena Elleeeeee He broke off quite dead and listened. For a moment his heart leaped and his whole body started. But then he do out the dustup he could hear.Eleeeeeenaaa? Maaaatt? Where ar you? reasonable?Bonnie Im here He turned his flashlight straight up, slowly twisting it in a circle. Can you see me?Can you see us?Matt pivoted slowly. And yes there were the beams of one flashlight, two flashlights, threeHis heart leaped to seethree beams. Im coming toward you, he shouted, and suited the action to the word. S ecrecy had been long ago left behind. He was path into things, yanking at tendrils that time-tested to grab his ankles, but bellowing all the while, Stay where you are Im coming to youAnd then the flashlight beams were right in front of him, gross him, and somehow he had Bonnie in his arms, and Bonnie was crying. That at least lent the situation some normality. Bonnie was crying against his chest and he was aspect at Meredith, who was smiling anxiously, and atMrs. Flowers? It had to be, she was wearing that gardening hat with the artificial flowers on it, as well as what looked care about seven or eight woolly sweaters.Mrs. Flowers? he said, his mouth finally catching up with his brain. But wheres Elena?There was a sudden droop in the three people watching him, as if they had been on tiptoenails for news, and now they had slumped in disappointment.We havent seen her, Meredith said quietly. Youwere with her.Iwas with her, yeah. But then Damon came.He hurt her , Meredith Matt f elt Bonnies arms clench on him. He had her rolling on the ground having seizures. I think hes going to kill her. And he hurt me. I guess I blacked out. When I woke up she was gone.He took her away? Bonnie asked fiercely.Yeah, butI dont to a lower place(a)stand what happened next. Painfully, he explained about Elena seemingly jumping out of the car and the tracks that led nowhere.Bonnie shivered in his arms.And then some other weird stuff happened, Matt said. Slowly, faltering sometimes, he did his best to explain about Kristin, and the similarities to Tami.That is expert plain weird, Bonnie said. I thought I had an answer, but if Kristin hasnt had any contact with any of the other girlsYou were probably thinking something about the capital of Oregon witches, dear, said Mrs. Flowers. Matt still couldnt get used to Mrs. Flowerstalking to them. She went on, But you dont really know with whom Kristin has been in the last few days. Or with whom Jim has been, for that matter. Children have quite a lot of freedom in this day and age, and he might be what do they direct it? acarrier .Besides, even if this is possession, it may be an entirely different kind of possession, Meredith said. Kristin lives out in the Old Wood. The Old Wood is full of these insects these malach. Who knows whether it happened when she simply stepped outside her door? Who knows what was waiting for her?Now Bonnie was shaking in Matts arms. Theyd turned out all the flashlights but one, to conserve energy, but it sure made for spooky surroundings.But what about the telepathy? Matt said to Mrs. Flowers. I mean, I dont believe for a minute thatreal witches were attacking those Salem girls. I think they were repressed girls who had mass hysteria when they all got together, and somehow everything got out of hand. But how could Kristin know to call me to call me the same name that Tamra did? by chance weve all got it all wrong, Bonnie said, her voice buried somewhere in Matts solar plexus. Ma ybe its not homogeneous Salem at all, where the the hysteria shell out out horizontally, if you see what I mean. Maybe theres somebody on top here, whos spreading it wherever they want to.There was a brief silence, and then Mrs. Flowers murmured, show up of the mouths of babes and sucklingsYou mean you think thats right? But then who is it thats on top? Whos doing all of this? Meredith demanded. It cant be Damon because Damon saved Bonnie twice and me once. Before anyone could muster words to ask aboutthat , she was going on. Elena was pretty sure that something was possessingDamon . So who else is it?Somebody we havent met yet, Bonnie muttered ominously. Somebody we arent going to like.With perfect timing there was the crackle of a wooden leg behind them. As one person, as one body, they turned to look.What I really want, Damon said to Elena, is to get you warmly. And that either means cooking you something hot so youll warm up from the inside or directting you in the tub s o youll warm up from the outside. And considering what happened last time Idont feel I can eat anything.Come on, its an American tradition. Apple soup? Moms homemade chicken pie?She chuckled in spite of herself, then winced. Its apple pie and Moms homemade chicken soup. But you didnt do badly, for a start.Well? I promise not to mix the apples and the chicken together.I could try some soup, Elena said slowly. And, oh, Damon Im so thirsty just for plain water. Please.I know, but youll drink too much, get pains. Ill make soup.It comes in little cans with red paper on them. You pull the tab on top to make it come off. Elena stopped as he turned to the door.Damon knew she had serious doubts about the entire project, but he also knew that if he brought her anything passably drinkable she would drink it. Thirst did that to you.He was unliving proof of the example.As he went through the door there was a sudden horrendous noise, like a pair of kitchen choppers coming together. It nearly too k off his his rear from top to bottom, by the belong of it.DamonA voice crying weakly through the door. Damon, are you all right? Damon Answer meInstead, he turned around, studied the door, which looked perfectly normal, and opened it. Anyone watching him open it would have wondered because he put a pick up in the unlocked door, said Elenas room and then unlocked and opened the door.When he got inside, he ran.Elena was lying in a hopeless tangle of sheets and blankets on the groundwork. She was trying to get up, but her locution was blue-white with pain.What pushed you off the bed? he said. He was going to kill Shinichislowly .Nothing. I heard a terrible sound just as the door shut. I tried to get to you, but Damon stared at her.I tried to get to you, but This broken, hurting, exhausted creature had tried to rescuehim ? Tried so hard that shed fallen off her bed?Im sorry, she said, with tears in her eyes. I cant get used to gravity. Are you hurt?Not as much as you are, he s aid, purposely keeping his voice rough, his eyes averted. I did something stupid, leaving the room, and the housereminded me.What are you talking about? said the debile Elena, dressed only in sheets.This key, Damon held it up for her to see. It was golden and could be worn as a ring, but two wings folded out and made a beautiful key.Whats wrong with it?The way I used it. This key has the power of the kitsune in it, and it will unlock anything and take you anywhere, but the way it works is that you put it into the lock, say where you want to go, and then turn the key. I forgot to do that in leaving your room.Elena looked puzzled. But what if a key doesnt have a lock in it? Most bedroom doors dont have locks.This key goes into any door. You might say it makes its own lock. Its a kitsune treasure which I shook out of Shinichi when I was so angry about you being hurt. Hell be wanting it back soon. Damons eyes narrowed and he smiled faintly. I wonder which of us will end up keeping it. I noticed another one in the kitchen a spare, of course.Damon, all this about magical keys is interesting, but if you could let me get off the floorHe was contrite at once. Then came the question of whether to put her on the bed or not.Ill take the bath, Elena said in a small voice. She unsnapped the top of her jeans and tried to scoot out of them.Wait a minute You might faint and drown. Lie down and I promise to get you clean, if youre willing to try and eat. He had new reservations about the house.Now undress on the bed and pull the sheet over you. I do wicked massages, he added, crook away.Look, you dont have to not look. Its something I havent understood since Icame back, Elena said. Modesty taboos. I dont see why anyone should be ashamed of their body. (This came to him in a rather dull voice.) I mean for anyone who says God made us, God made us without clothes, even after Adam and Eve. If its so important, why didnt he make us with diapers on?Yes, actually, what youre sayi ng reminds me of what I once said to the Dowager Queen of France, Damon said, determined to keep her undressing while he gazed at a crack in one of the wooden panels of the wall. I said that if God were both omnipotent and omniscient, then He surely knew our destinies beforehand, and why were the righteous doomed to be born as sinfully naked as the damned?And what did she say?Not a word. But she giggled and tapped me three times on the back of my hand with her fan, which I was later told was an invitation for an assignation. Alas, I had other obligations. Are you on the bed still?Yes, and Im under a sheet, Elena said wearily. If she wereDowager Queen, I expect you were glad, she added in a half-bewildered voice. Arent they the old mothers?No, Anne of Austria, Queen of France, kept her remarkable beauty to the end. She was the only red direct that Damon stopped, groping wildly for words as he faced the bed. Elena had done as he had asked. He just hadnt realized how much she would l ook like Aphrodite arising from the ocean. The ruffled white of the sheet came up to the warmer milk-white of her skin. She needed cleaning, certainly, but just knowing that under that thin sheet she was magnificently naked was enough to make him lose his breath.She had rolled her clothes into a ball and thrown them into the farthest corner of the room. He didnt blame her.He didnt think. He didnt give himself time. He simply held out his hands and said, Lemon-thyme chicken consomm, hot, in a Mikasa cup and plum flower embrocate, very warm, in a vial.Once the broth was duly consumed and Elena was lying on her back again, he began to gently massage her with the oil. Plum flower always made for a good start. It numbed the skin and the senses to pain, and it provided a basis for the other, more exotic, oils he planned to use on her.In a way, it was much discontinue than discard her in a modern bath or Jacuzzi. He knew where her injuries were he could heat the oils to the appropriate temperature for any of them. And instead of a barely mobile Jacuzzi head spouting water against a bruise, he could avoid anything too sensitive in the painful sense.He started with her hair, adding a very, very light coating of oil that would make the worst tangles easy to brush out. After the oiling, her hair shone like gold against her skin honey on cream. Then he began with the muscles in her face tiny strokes with his thumbs over her forehead to smooth it and relax it, forcing her to relax along with his movements. Slow, circular swirls at her temples, with only the lightest of pressure. He could see the thin blue veins traced here, and he knew that deep pressure could put her to sleep.He then proceeded to upper arms, her forearms, her hands, taking her apart with ancient strokes and the correct ancient essences to go with them, until she was nothing but a loose, boneless thing under the sheet sleek and soft and yielding. He flashed his incandescent smile for a moment while p ulling a toe until it popped and then the smile turned ironic. He could have what he wanted of her, now. Yes, she was in no mood to refuse anything. But he hadnt counted on what the damned sheet would do tohim . Everyone knew that a scrap of covering, no matter how simple, always drew attention to the taboo area as pure nakedness did not. And massaging Elena by inches this way only focused him on what lay beneath the snowy fabric.After a while Elena said drowsily, Arent you going to tell the end of the taradiddle? About Anne of Austria, who was the only redhead toto, ah, remain a natural redhead to the end of her life, Damon murmured. Yes. It was said that Cardinal Richelieu was her lover.Isnt that the wicked Cardinal from theThe Three Musketeers ?Yes, but possibly not so wicked as he was portrayed there, and certainly an able politician. And, some say, the real father of Louisnow turn over.Its a fantastic name for a king.Hm?Louis Now Turn Over, Elena said, turning over and show ing a flash of creamy thigh while Damon tried to eye various other parts of the room.Depends on the naming traditions of the individuals native country, Damon said wildly. All he could see were replays of that glimpse of thigh.What?What?I was asking you Are you warm now? All done, Damon said and, unwisely, patted the highest curve of terrain under the towel.Hey Elena reared up, and Damon faced by an entire body of pale rose-gold and perfumed and sleek and with muscles like steel under the silken skin precipitately fled.He came back after an appropriate interval with a calming offering of more soup. Elena, dignified under her sheet, which she had made into a toga, accepted. She didnt even try to swat him on the bottom when his back was turned.Whatis this place? she wondered instead. It cant be the Dunstans theyre an old family, with an old house. They used to be farmers.Oh, lets just call it a little pied--terre of my own in the woods.Ha, Elena said. I knew you werent sleeping i n trees.Damon effect himself trying not to smile. Hed never been with Elena when the situation hadnt been life-or-death. Now, if he said hed found he loved her mind after having massaged her naked under a sheet noNo one would ever believe him.Feeling better? he asked.As warm as chicken-apple soup.Im never going to hear the end of that, am I?He made her stay on the bed while he thought up nightgowns, all sizes and styles, and robes, too and slippers, all in the instant of walking to what had been a bathroom, and was pleased to find that it was now a walk-in closet with everything anyone could want in terms of night attire. From silky lingerie to good old-fashioned sleeping gowns to night-caps, this wardrobe had it all. Damon emerged with a double armful and gave Elena her choice.She picked a high-necked white nightgown made out of some modest fabric. Damon found himself stroking a regal sky-blue gown trimmed with what looked like genuine Valenciennes lace.Not my style, Elena said, quickly tucking it under some other robes.Not your style aroundme , Damon thought, amused. And a wise little lass you are, too. You dont want to tempt me into doing anything you might be sorry for tomorrow.All right and then you can get a good nights sleep He broke off, for she was suddenly looking at him with astonishment and distress.Matt Damon, we were looking forMatt I just remembered. We were looking for him and I I dont know. I got hurt. I remember falling and then I was here.Because I carried you here, Damon thought. Because this house is just a thought in Shinichis mind. Because the only permanent things inside it are we two.Damon took in a deep breath of air.

Outline and evaluate explanations of conformity Essay

Normative social influence occurs when a person desires to be liked and accepted by a classify. They will publically conform and change their behaviour but they will still privately reject their views. This change in behaviour is often temporary as this symbol of social influence leads to compliance.Informational social influence is where someone conforms to the views and behaviours of the group because they both publicly and privately agree with them. This type of conformity is called internalisation and stems from the desire to be correct. It occurs when a person is in a new or ambiguous situation and doesnt know what to do. Therefore, they look to the group for guidance as they attain they have better knowledge. Because of this, the change is often permanent as they believe their behaviours and actions are correct.AO2One strength of this theory is that it has research to support it from Aschs 1951 regard into conformity. The interviews that were taken after the experiment had finished, stated that there were two main reasons that the participants conformed. The first reason was that they didnt want to be ridiculed by the equaliser of the group from differing in opinions. They wanted to fit in so went along with the majority group, typical of normative social influence. The second reason was that they honestly thought that the rest of the group knew better than them and that their own judgements were incorrect, typical of informational social influence.Although some psychologists will argue that the two processes work in sync instead of two take away influences. For example, upon seeing a queue in a shop a person may join the end of it because that is what everyone else is doing but they may also be guessing at the same time that the people in thequeue know that this is the queue that is needed to pay for their items.

Racial Diversity: Historical Worksheet Essay

Answer the following questions in 100 to 250 words from each one. Provide citations for alone the sources you use.Throughout most of U.S. narrative, in most locations, what race has been in the majority? What is the common ancestral compass of most members of this group?The majority race has been prodominitly white. Most of the ancestral backround was found to be European. Most slew that come from an European backround atomic number 18 clumped together into the category of race under White. Just like everyone that is from Africa is together as Black. There is also a racial trend that id there is even a small percentage of African heritage you are considered to be black. A great example of this is tiger Woods who is considered to be black when in fact he is only 1/8 Afican history.http//anthro.palomar.edu/ethnicity/ethnic_6.htmWhat are some of the larger racial minorities in U.S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each bec ome a significant or notable minority group?Blacks and Hispanics make up a larger percentage of the racial minorities in U.S. history then any other. Blacks have a history in the United States that started in the 16th century when they were brought over as slaves. The majority of todays African American population are decendants of these slaves. Hispanics have been a great part of the United States since 1565 when Saint Augustine was founded by the spanish. It grew later that into New Mexico, and Arizona, and California. The popultion of Hispnics is much greater in the south.In what ways have laws been used to enforce difference? Provide examplesBlac

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks in Intelligent Transportation Systems

Vehicular blades ar going as a milepost of the coming coevals the reasoned Transportation administrations ( ITSs ) , affecting a safer and more efficient transit by giving whole learning on snipping to drivers and several(prenominal)(prenominal) governments. By and large the moving vehicles argon able to pass on with an other(a) vehicle through the vehicle to vehicle communication or to the route side whole via vehicle to route side communicating. Particularly the Location of vehicle must be hint on its identity element on web 1 , 2 . Besides the traveling vehicle has its ain individuality dep shoemakers lasting on the other vehicle. The vehicles argon ever anon. in the web. A big field of demand in web relies on association and reading collection amongst take parting vehicles. Exclusive of individualities of participants, such(prenominal)(prenominal) applications are susceptible to the Sybil assault where a malevolent vehicle mask as legion individualities 3 , overwh elmingly act uponing the consequence. The effect of Sybil onslaught happening in vehicular web stick out be conditional relationant. For case, in shield re lated contraption such as jeopardy warning, smash turning away, and fliting aid, partial consequences caused by a Sybil onslaught can demo the manner to strict auto bad quite a little. Therefore, it is of bang-up significance to feel Sybil onslaughts from the gamely get downing of their happening. Detecting aggressor node in urban vehicular webs, however, is re totallyy demanding. Primary, vehicles are cryptic. There are no handcuffs of trust associating claimed individualities to reliable vehicles. Second, berth privateness of vehicles is of great apprehensiveness. Locality reading of vehicle can be rightfully private. For case, it can be contingent that the rider of a vehicle may be under the conditions from cognizing the vehicle is parking following(a) to a infirmary. It is inhi chip shotive to do obligatory a co nversation association among claimed individuality to genuine vehicles by formalizing the tangible endurance of a vehicle at a proving place and clip. Third, conversations among vehicles are really bantam. Due to deluxe mobility of vehicles, a running vehicle can hold merely more than a few seconds 4 to pass on with another periodi expecty encountered vehicle. It is hard to establish certain dependability among pass oning vehicles in such a bantam clip. This makes it effortless for a malevolent vehicle to bring forth an self-asserting individuality but really hard for others to legalise. Additionally, small treatment amongst vehicles calls for online Sybil assault exposure. The find proposal fails if a Sybil onslaught is identified after the onslaught has accomplished. To extinguish the bullying of Sybil onslaughts, it is undemanding to obviously adhere a dissimilar authorised individuality 5 , 6 , 8 to every vehicle so that all lending vehicle can match to itself merely one time during all communications. Using unmistakable individualities of vehicles has the likely to wholly avoid Sybil onslaughts but violates the enigma concern in urban vehicular webs.1.1 knowledgeability of vehicular NetworkThe aim of ambient intelligence is to make an ingenious day-to-day infinite, which is instantly serviceable and integrated into our places, our offices, our roads, our autos, and everyplace. This new construct must be unseeable it must intermix in with our general environment and must be present when we need it. One of the applications of this construct consists of supplying our autos and roads with capablenesss to do the route more secure ( nurture about the calling, accidents, dangers, possible roundabout way, conditions, etc. ) and to do our clip on the route more gratifying ( Internet entree, web games, assisting two people follow distributively other on the route, chat, etc. ) . These applications are typical fictions of what we call an Intelli gent Transportation System ( ITS ) whose end is to better security, efficiency and enjoyment in route conveyance through the usage of new engineerings for information and communicating ( NTIC ) . Traditional work prudence establishments are based on centralised substructures where cameras and detectors implemented along the route cod information on denseness and craft province and transmit this information to a fundamental unit to treat it and do appropriate determinations. This type of system is really dearly-won in footings of deployment and is characterized by a long reaction clip for processing and information transportation in a context where information transmittal hold is lively and is highly of import in this type of system. In add-on, these devices placed on roads require periodic and expensive care. Consequently, for big scale deployment of this type of system, of import investing is required in the communicating and detector substructure. However, with the rapid ont ogenesis of wireless communicating engineerings, jam and detectors, a new decentralized ( or semi-centralized ) architecture based on vehicle-to-vehicle communications ( V2V ) has created a really existent involvement these last few old ages for auto makers, R & A D union and telecom operators. This type of architecture relies on a distributed and independent system and is make up of the vehicles themselves without the victuals of a fixed substructure for informations routing. In this illustrate, we are speaking about a vehicular ad hoc web ( VANET ) , which is no more than a specific application of traditional nomadic ad hoc webs ( MANET ) . An illustration of an urban VANET web is illustrated in Following Figure.Fig 1.1. Example of VANET webAn application welkin where those visions can go world in the close hereafter is wireless communicating in vehicular traffic webs in straddle to better traffic safety and to increase traffic efficiency, vehicle-to-X communicating ( V2X ) webs. The notations car-to-X communicating ( C 2X ) and vehicular ad- hoc webs ( VANE Ts ) are synonymously used. The X emphasizes that either entirely vehicles communicate ( vehicle-to-vehicle communicating ( V2V ) ) , or so do vehicles and substructure points ( vehicle-to-infrastructure communicating ( V2I ) ) . For both types of communicating similar engineerings may be used, and webs sum both are expected. In this thesis we concentrate on direct V2V communicating. It is envisioned that by interchanging information straight between vehicles every vehicle should be able to ob action vehicles in the surrounding and may cipher the current traffic state of affairs from collected information. Such co-operative autos warn their drivers if necessary, e.g. in instance of at hand dangers like possible hits with other vehicles or expression obstructions on the route, e.g. route works. The communicating hence has to carry through highest quality demands as precise information has to be transfer with high dependability and short hold under inauspicious and highly dynamic environmental conditions.A cardinal edifice block of V2V communicating is the periodic transmittal of position information by every one vehicle. These messages that are frequently called beacon messages contain information like current place, velocity, acceleration and way of driving. The messages serve as the information footing for the common consciousness of the vehicles. For vehicles in the close surrounding of a several sender, the response of beacon messages is of peculiar immenseness in order to obtain accurate consciousness of the halt point environing. Beacon messages live specific and unusual communicating belongingss that realise to be considered. First, beacon messages are transmitted by every equipt vehicle. Second, beacon messages that contain up-to-date information are transmitted in a periodic man- ner, i.e. several times per second. Third, the messages are transmitted in a br oad- dramatis personae dash and do non hold one specific receiver. In effect, an effectual strategy to admit a lucky message response is non easy applicable. Therefore, specific methods are necessary to look into this type of communicating that we call local anaesthetic broadcasts communicating.With regard to the mentioned belongingss it has to be identified how timely and dependable periodic beacon messages can be distributed in the local surrounding of each vehicle. A cardinal and precise cognition of the systems in usage, their demeanour and their public presentation is necessary to measure V2V communicating and to designing systems that work dependable under casual conditions. Therefore, the end of this thesis is a comprehensive and precise public presentation rating of periodic local broadcast communicating in V2V communicating webs. Of peculiar involvement is the scalability of immense and heavy webs. It turns out that the secret terminus job is peculiarly relevant as i t causes handlings during the response of messages. We argue the analysis of effects of mu- tual intervention on the public presentation of V2V webs and accordingly on their possible. Therefore, such webs are analyzed with a focal point on the possibilities and restrictions that the communicating mechanisms and the physical features provide for the particular type of informations traffic that is exchanged.Several initiates intercontinental have investigated the betterment of transit systems with regard to the positive consequence on traffic safety and traffic efficiency. In recent old ages, the specific function of V2X communicating came into focal point and broadened the enquiry sphere to the interaction of vehicles and substructure. Be- bow, these spheres were frequently treated individually while from infrastructure side adaptable traffic telematics applications were introduced ( e.g. versatile message marks for velocity and figure of parking tonss, or adaptative traffic vis ible radiations for traffic flow optimisation ) , on the vehicle side, electronic systems were introduced to im- prove rider safety, the controllability of the vehicle in critical state of affairss, or pilotage systems. The possibility to interact via wireless communicating be- tween substructure and vehicles, every bit good as straight between vehicles, allows to develop wholly new application scenarios where cooperation of the different entities may be achieved. We now foremost present undertakings where such possible applications were discussed, before deducing the communicating challenges and so smell at the proficient systems that should supply the necessary communicating demands.A nomadic ad hoc web ( MANET ) is an independent system made up of nomadic Stationss interrelated by wireless associations devoid of the direction of a centralised substructure. Following gettable communications in the web, the nomadic Stationss ( or nodes ) can say in like manner the map of router t o convey informations. In this chapter, we focus on the survey of the chief component in ITS systems which are inter vehicle communicating ( IVC ) and its correlative operate. For route security services, the information on possible danger can be exchange in existent minute between vehicles to advise the drivers. Examples of services are non imperfect to route security applications but subsist for other types of map as good, peculiarly console applications ( portable Internet entree, set of autos, games, etc. ) offering interesting point of view for telecom operators looking for original service niches. Road security has been an of import anxiousness in the universe over the medieval few old ages while 1000000s of public dice every twelvemonth since of auto bad luck and many more are offended. gettable figures show that route dealing accidents in the Member States of the European Union per annum maintain about 39000 lives and escape more than 1.7 million people af movemented, sta nd foring an predictable exist of 160 billion euros programmed public route systems and intelligent transit systems ( ITS ) were commence to rush up the development and employ of intelligent incorporated safety strategy that utilize information and communicating engineerings as an intelligent declaration, in order to escalate route safety and chair the figure of accidents in our prospect roads. In unsimilarity, as nomadic wireless attack became an of import portion of our life, and the omnipresent anywhere, anytime connectivity strategy is further on magnetic attraction, Internet right to use from vehicles is in monolithic stipulate. The proliferation of cooperated system move in front for ITS and the focal point on information and transit engineerings services on one manus and the mount figure of communicating infrastructure-enabled agencies of transit on the other manus has opened up fresh labor theoretical accounts and cardinal market sections for legion stakeholders in the IT S-market. The Vehicular Communication Networks ( VCNs ) are a spine of the envisage Intelligent Transportation Systems ( ITS ) . Through enabling vehicles to pass on with each other by manner of Inter-Vehicle Communication ( IVC ) every bit good as with wayside base Stationss via Roadside-to-Vehicle Communication ( RVC ) , vehicular system could provide to safer and extra competent roads. The juncture and territory of entry of VCNs are mounting quickly, with luxuriant vehicle manufacturer and cryptic establishment sharply prolonging investigate and enlargement in this field. The grouping with have-to doe with antenna systems, and the progressive dispersion of committed localisation systems ( GPS ) produce VCNs pertinent for the development of forceful protection applications, numbering knock into and concern systems, driver helper and bright traffic supervising system. On the other manus, inter-vehicular communicating ( IVC ) at any rate fuels the tremendous chances in online ca r break and enables the incorporation through Internet services and applications. In this Chapter, we nearby a comprehensive portraiture of the province of the art of this speedy traveling research country indicating to look into, undertakings and homogeny attempts that have been done. We discover the exceeding facial visual aspect and challenges that distinguish these extremely self-motivated webs every bit good as their necessities, peculiarly in footings of excellence of service, promote preface and sanctuary. We discuss diverse forwarding and routing attack concentrating on Location-based method including anchor-based routing . We review miscellaneous intelligent flooding and information airing progress. We terminate by researching future investigate waies in this field.The first IVC surveies have emerged at the arising of the 1980s in Japan ( for illustration Association of Electronic Technology for Automobile Traffic and impetuous ) with the addition of people or ware trave lling, therefore exciting the geographic expedition of new solutions such as automatic drive, intelligent route planning, etc. Several authorities establishments passim the universe have led an explorative stage from different world-wide undertakings, affecting a big figure of research units. These undertakings have led to the definition of several possible paradigms and solutions, based on different attacks. In this manner, traffic direction systems were installed in big Nipponese metropoliss and on most urban and intercity main roads. The Japanese have made big investings in the development of driver information systems. In the instance of a main road, the system electronically monitors the velocity and volume of traffic and gives drivers instant warnings on accidents and holds. Warnings and other information for drivers are displayed on different variable message marks. In the Nipponese AHS ( Automated Highway System ) undertaking, the end was to plan an automated main road syst em for independent drive control of the vehicle is assumed by a computing machine on board. In the USA, there is the Intelligent Transportation Society of the States ( ITS America ) , which is a group of makers, authorities bureaus, universities and other endeavors. This group focuses on research, publicity and development and deployment coordination of ITS applications throughout the USA. As in Japan, the American authorities besides implemented the NAHSC ( National Automated Highway System Consortium ) in 1995. In Europe, the PROMETHEUS ( PROgraM European Traffic with Highest Efficiency and Unprecedented Safety ) undertaking began in 1986 and included over 13 vehicle makers and several universities from 19 European states. In this context, several attacks and solutions refering ITSs have been developed, implemented and demonstrated.The consequences of this first measure were a elaborate analysis of the job and the development of a feasibleness survey to accomplish a better apprehe nsion of the conditions and possible effects of using the engineering. Later, and with the scientific promotion of communicating, computation and location equipments, other undertakings were carried out and have paved the manner for some IVC applications. Because of the importance of this field, new undertakings were initiated throughout the universe. In Europe, a certain figure of big scale undertakings have late emerged focussing on jobs related to IVC systems. Most of these undertakings were introduced in the context of research plans from the European Community ( 5thand 6ThursdayPCRD ) . However, a big bulk of these undertakings focus on the sole usage of bing substructure for implementing the IVC system, which can be highly expensive. Drive DRI 99 and GST GST 05 undertakings are first-class illustrations of these undertakings. DRiVE ( Dynamic Radio for IP Services in Vehicular Environments ) is meant to work on the convergence of different cellular engineerings and high th roughput webs ( GSM, UMTS, DAB and DVB-T ) in order to implement the necessary foundation for the development of advanced IP services for vehicles. The GST ( Global Systems for Telematics ) GST 05 undertaking is besides intended for applications related to route safety. However, this undertaking focuses on the usage of the GSM web. It focuses on jobs in relation with procuring the web and service substructure, operation security and charge.

Good and Traditional Business

BUS 200 Week 7 Assignment Strayer University How eBay Stays Connected to Its corporation 1. What macro-barriers and micro-barriers talent hinder successful communication among Meg Whitman and eBay users? What do you suggest she do to address these potential barriers? A macro-barrier that might hinder communication could be the constant need to learn invigorated concepts which cut down on the time available. A way to address this barrier would be to correct your personnel at different times leaving the opportunity for those that are attending training to have a bun in the oven their positions filled for the time gone.A micro-barrier that might hinder communication could be perception. Each person might have a different interpretation of a message this could put a barrier between the guest and the service needed. A way to address this barrier would be to by running scenarios for the employees on the most frequently asked questions and seeing which answers that they come up with . 2. Do you think the channels of communication in an online business such as eBay differ from those in a traditional business? Explain. No, I know that with the online business you would get more communication with the customers than with a traditional business.I feel this way because if a traditional business customer has a problem with something, then they would have to go through the comely channels to get something done about what the certain issue is that they want to have corrected. If the online business customer has a problem, all they have to do is go the comment section, or the contact us freeing on the website and they would easily put down what their problem is. I feel that it is easier for online customers to get the problems solved in a more reasonable time than with traditional businesses. . How would you recommend that new managers at eBay establish sonority with buyers and sellers? I feel that eBay managers could establish rapport with buyers and sellers by con tinuing to get their input on things that they would ilk to change. Get the opinions of the buyers and sellers and see what they feel would be good or bad for the company. If you have a consensus of the majority, it would tell on their jobs as managers easier to make the necessary decisions that are necessary to make the company better as a whole.

Global Warming (Cause and Effects)

GLOBAL WARMING Since the advanced 19th century human beingss atmosphere and oceans have been getting warmer. fit in to a explore by Americas Climate Choices the average temperature of Earths surface increased by nigh 0. 8 C over the past 100 years. There are a view of causes of global heat. The causes muckle be split up into two groups natural causes and man-made causes. Natural causes come on without the effect of humans. There are two natural causes one of them is the earth goes through a bout of climate transpose that lasts about 40. 00 years. The other cause is release of methane gas from some part of the earth. synthetic causes are the biggest affection of global warming. According to National Geographic, there are several greenhouse gases trustworthy for warming and humans distribute them in a variety of ways. pollution is the one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution occurs in many ways. For display case, combustion fossil fuels, when fossil fuels are burned they give off a kind of greenhouse gas. other major man-made cause is population. More people mean much(prenominal) food.And to provide more than food, fossil fuels are used more often. And more people mean more transportation. This is one of the biggest problem change magnitude use of fossil fuel. Global warming has observable effects on environment. There are a lot of effects for example -Ice is melting worldwide. -Sea level rise became red-hot over the last century. According to the NASA effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring for example loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.And if warming continuous, other effects could happen, for instance -Hurricanes and other storms are likely to make stronger. -Ecosystems go out change, some species will convey extinct. -Less fresh water will be available. -Floods and droughts will become more common. So, we can pu t forward to this global cause with personal actions. Our individual efforts are especially significant. We can help immediately by becoming more energy efficient. Reducing our use of oil, gasoline and sear also sets an example for others to follow.Global Warming (Cause and Effects)GLOBAL WARMING Since the late 19th century Earths atmosphere and oceans have been getting warmer. According to a research by Americas Climate Choices the average temperature of Earths surface increased by about 0. 8 C over the past 100 years. There are a lot of causes of global warming. The causes can be split up into two groups natural causes and man-made causes. Natural causes occur without the effect of humans. There are two natural causes one of them is the earth goes through a cycle of climate change that lasts about 40. 00 years. The other cause is release of methane gas from some part of the earth. Man-made causes are the biggest affection of global warming. According to National Geographic, there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming and humans emit them in a variety of ways. Pollution is the one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution occurs in many ways. For example, burning fossil fuels, when fossil fuels are burned they give off a kind of greenhouse gas. Another major man-made cause is population. More people mean more food.And to provide more food, fossil fuels are used more often. And more people mean more transportation. This is one of the biggest problem increasing use of fossil fuel. Global warming has observable effects on environment. There are a lot of effects for example -Ice is melting worldwide. -Sea level rise became faster over the last century. According to the NASA effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring for example loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.And if warming continuous, other effects could happen, for instance -Hurrica nes and other storms are likely to become stronger. -Ecosystems will change, some species will become extinct. -Less fresh water will be available. -Floods and droughts will become more common. So, we can contribute to this global cause with personal actions. Our individual efforts are especially significant. We can help immediately by becoming more energy efficient. Reducing our use of oil, gasoline and coal also sets an example for others to follow.

Aaron Douglas. Bio Essay

Aaron Douglas ?Aaron Douglas was an African American painter and graphic dodgeist who contend a leading role in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s. His first major commission, to illustrate Alain Leroy Lockes book, The New Negro, prompted requests for graphic from other Harlem Renaissance writers. By 1939, Douglas started teaching at Fisk University, where he remained for the next 27 years (Biography 1). He made numerous contributions at Fisk University. ?On May 26, 1899, Aaron Douglas was born in Topeka, Kansas. During his season in the Harlem Renaissance, Douglas helped to guide the artistic and literary movement. He is sometime referred to as the Father of Black American Art. Douglas developed an interest in art early on, finding some of his inspiration from his mothers love for painting watercolors (Biography 1). Proceeding graduation in 1917 from Topeka, Kansas, Douglas enrolled in the University of Nebraska, which is alike known as Lincoln. in that respect he pursued his passion for creating art, earning his Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree in 1922 (Biography 1). At the similar time, he connected with students of Lincoln High School in Kansas City, Missouri to share his interest of art with them.After two years of bonding with his pupils, Douglas decided to migrate to New York City. New Yorks Harlem neighborhood had a thriving art scene therefore it would not take any time for Douglas to get white plague to New York.? Reaching New York in 1925, Douglas swiftly became familiar with the Harlems ethnical life. He began his rush in New York as an apprentice for Win aged Reiss, a German artist whom he met through Charles S. Johnson. universe an apprentice for Reiss only lasted two years before he continued on to became the editor of Opportunity, the discipline Urban Leagues magazine. Through his c all overs for Opportunity and The Crisis, Douglas set forth a new day-dream for the black artists. His strong, geometric forms and Egyptian prof iles resulted in a style tardilyr described by cultural critic and educator Richard Powell as Afro-Cubism (Aiga 1). In 1926, Douglas finally stepped up to the plate and married Alta Sawyer. Mrs. Alta was a instructor as well. Their home became a social Mecca for the likes of Langton Hughes and W. E. B. Du Bois. Around the same time, Douglas loaned his talents to the first and only issue of Wallace Thurmans magazine FIRE nd later designed the cover of Thurmans short-lived magazine Harlem (Aiga 1). With Douglas character for creating compelling graphics, he became an in-demand illustrator for many writers (Biography 1). A few of Douglas popular illustrations consist of James Weldon Johnsons poetical work, Gods Tromb champion (1927), and Paul Morands Black Magic (1929). In addition to Douglas illustration work, he explored educational opportunities after receiving a fellowship from the Barnes Foundation in Pennsylvania, he took time to study African and modern art (Biography 1). This experience led him to creating some of his best-known paintings in the 1930s. Meanwhile, Douglas was hired to produce a mural for the library at Fisk University. Continuing to broaden his horizon, Douglas spent time in Paris, where he examine with Charles Despiau and Othon Friesz. Back in New York, in 1933, Douglas had his first solo art show. Soon after, he started one of his most legendary works a series of murals entitled Aspects of Negro Life that featured four panels, each depicting a different part of the African-American experience.Each mural included a entrancing mix of Douglass influences, from jazz music to abstract and geometric art (Biography 2). ? Returning to Fisk University in the late 1930s, Douglas served as an assistant professor, and shortly after he founded the schools art department. Because Douglas was valued his educational responsibilities, he attend Columbia Universitys Teachers College in 1941, and completed three years earning a obtains degree in art education. He also established the Carl Van Vechten Gallery at Fisk and helped secure vital works for it collection, including pieces by Winold Reiss and Alfred Steiglitz (Biography 2). Outside of his works in his classroom, Douglas remained committed to learning and development as an artist. He received a fellowship from the Julius Rosenwald Foundation in 1938, which funded his painting trip Haiti and some(prenominal) other Caribbean islands. He later won other grants to support his artistic endeavors (Biography 2). Douglas had several solo exhibits over the years from his continuation to produce new works. ?Douglas received countless honors during his later years. In 1963, he was invited by President John F.Kennedy to attend a celebration of the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation, held at the White House. Douglas also earned and honorary doctorate from Fisk University in 1973, seven years after his retirement from the school (Biography 2). He still remained an a ctive painter and lecturer until the end of his life. On September 2, 1979, Douglas passed away at the term of 79, in a Nashville hospital. According to some reporters, he died of a pulmonary intercalation. Pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The blockage usually is caused by a business line clot that travels to the lung from a vein in the leg (NIH 1). ? After Douglas death, a special memorial wait on was held for him at Fisk University, where he taught for nearly 30 years. At the service, Walter J. Leonard, the universitys president at the time, remembered Douglas with the following narrative Aaron Douglas was one of the most accomplished of the interpreters of our institutions and cultural values. He captured the strength and quickness of the young he translated the memories of the old and projected the determination of the inspired and courageous (Biography 2).