The Asia-Pacific Region Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Asia-Pacific Region - Essay Example The effect of personality on policy continuity has already been affirmed by an unnamed White House official who stressed out that â€Å"personalities matter†¦ in the conduct, formulation, and implementation of [foreign policy]† (cited in Lampton, 2001, p.313). A change in administration means that there is also a change in the personality leading that administration. Such a person may have a different set of visions, follow a divergent ideology, or employ a different mindset from his predecessor. Indeed, â€Å"leadership turnover and regime change† may significantly affect patterns of US policy behavior and â€Å"likely result in foreign policy change and restructuring† (Dixon & Gaarder, n.d., p.185). The policies initiated or planned by the previous administration will experience restructuring should the succeeding president seek to prioritize other policies or tend to misinterpret his predecessor’s intentions or methods of implementation because the ideology he adhered to is markedly opposed to that of the former president. The behavior of US foreign policy has particularly been affected by the ideological differences of Republican-led and Democratic-led administrations. The former tends to be â€Å"more conservative internationalist in orientation,† while the latter is â€Å"more liberal internationalist in orientation† (Rosati, 1994, p.251). The direction of US policy has experienced modifications with every new administration. However, this is not only due to the change in the leading personality or the regime.

Implied Terms Essay Example for Free

Implied Terms Essay Terms can be implied to reflect the presumed intention of the parties, or for reasons of public policy. The different bases for implying terms are considered below. Terms Implied to Give Effect to Presumed Intention of Parties Term implied on the basis of business efficacy Business efficacy means that the parties require that term in order that the contract will work (The Moorcock). The following rules for implying a term on the basis of business efficacy were summarised by the Privy Council in BP Refiner v Shire of Hastings and later approved by the High Court in Codelfa v State. †¢ The term must be reasonable and equitable; †¢ Implication must be necessary to give business efficacy to the contract so that no term will be implied if the contract is effective without it; †¢ Term must be so obvious that it goes without saying; †¢ Term must be capable of clear expression; and †¢ Term must not contradict any express term of the contract. Terms implied from previous consistent course of dealings In the circumstances of the case, is it reasonable to hold that the parties entered into the contract on the basis, and with the knowledge, that their agreement would be on the terms set out in previous contracts entered into (Henry Kendall Sons v William Lillico Sons). The relevant term or terms must have been part of earlier agreements between the parties and the must be evidence of an earlier consistent course of dealings between the parties. Relevant in this assessment are – †¢ the number of dealings between the parties; and †¢ the consistency of dealings between the parties. The greater the number of prior dealings, the greater the likelihood of incorporating the term (cf Hollier v Rambler Motors with McCuthbert v David MacBrayne). Consistency of contractual dealings is also important as the argument for incorporation is less compelling if the terms are incorporated into earlier contracts on some occasions but not others (McCuthbert v David MacBrayne Ltd). Terms implied from custom or usage The parties to a contract are presumed to contract with reference to whatever customs that prevail in the trade or locality in question. In Con-Stan Industries of Aust Pty Ltd v Norwich Winterthur Insurance the High Court set out a number of rules that must be satisfied before a term will be implied on the grounds of custom or trade usage: 1. The existence of a custom or usage that will justify the implication of a term into a contract is a question of fact. In making the determination, the focus must be on the custom or usage in the particular trade or profession under construction. . There must be evidence that custom or usage relied upon is so well known and acquiesced in that everyone making a contract in that situation can reasonably be presumed to have imported that term into the contract, however, the custom need not be universally accepted. Firstly, there must be sufficient evidence that a custom of the kind alleged in the fact exists. Thus custom must be sufficiently widespr ead and consistent that it can be articulated with some certainty. Secondly, the custom must5 be so widespread that it is well known to the people within the trade or profession. 3. A term will not be implied on the basis of custom or usage where it is contrary to the express term of the agreement. As term implied must on custom and usage must reflect the presumed intention of the parties, if the parties expressly exclude such a term, or insert a term inconsistent with it, the term cannot be regarded as reflecting their intention. 4. A person may be bound to custom notwithstanding the fact that he or she had no knowledge of it. Unless the parties have agreed to the contrary, a term is implied provided the elements of the second limb above are met. A term implied to complete agreement The judiciary attempts to uphold agreements if at all possible. As a means of upholding contracts where not all the terms have been finalized, in an appropriate case the courts may be prepared to imply a term (Hillas Y Co v Arcos). Terms Implied Irrespective of Parties’ Intention Term Implied as a Legal Incident of a Particular Class of Contract A term may be implied as a matter of law in contracts of a particular class (Liverpool City Council v Irwin). Some examples are: †¢ Contract for the provision of goods and services: goods or services will be reasonable fit for the purpose supplied or rendered (Samuels v Davis). Contracts for the provision of professional services: reasonable care will be taken by professional in provided services (Greaves Y Co v Baynham). †¢ Contracts of employment: duty to proved a safe work place (McLean v Tedman). †¢ Building contracts: the completed house will be fit for habitation and the work done will be carried out in a proper an d workman like fashion (Perry v Haron Developments). General Duty of Co-operation There is an implied term a general duty of cooperation of all contracts that each party agrees to do all things necessary to enable to other party to have the benefit of the contract (Butt v McDonald). Some examples include: †¢ A term may be implied to give effect to the presumed intention of the parties (Curro v Beyond Productions). †¢ Duty to comply with reasonable requests †¢ There is a duty to do all things necessary to enable the agreement to be completed (Adelaide Petroleum v Poseidon). †¢ Where a contract requires concurrent performance it may be implied that rights are to be exercised in good faith and there is a duty to cooperate (Service Station Association v Berg Bennet Associates). †¢ There is a duty to exercise contractual powers reasonably (Renard Constructions v Minister for Public Works). Implication of duties of good faith, fair dealing and reasonableness It has been suggested that the courts may be prepared to imply a duty for the parties to act in good faith in performing a contract (Renard Constructions v Minister for Public Works). Some examples include: †¢ The preparedness of the courts to imply a reasonable price where the contract is silent †¢ Statutory implication of reasonable price in a contract for the sale of goods †¢ Duty on a prospective buyer to act reasonably as well as honestly in determining whether finance is satisfactory in a contract to purchase Term Implied by Statute Sale of Goods Act 1896 (Qld) Implied condition that the seler has title to the goods bing sold, or will have title at the time property in the goods is to pass: s15(a) †¢ Implied warranty that the buyer will have quiet possession of the goods: s15(b) †¢ Implied warranty that the goods are free from any charge or encumbrance: s15(c) †¢ In a contract for the sale of goods by description, an implied condition that the goods correspond with the description (and if the sale is by sample, as well as by description, it is not sufficient that the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the description): s16 †¢ Where they buyer, expressly or by implication, makes known to the seller that particular purpose for which the goods are required, so as to show that the buyer relies on the sellers skill or judgment, and the goods are of a description that it is in the course of the seller’s business to supply, an implied condition that the goods are reasonably fit for the purpose: s17(a) †¢ When goods are bought by description from a seller who deals in goods of that description, an implied condition that the goods are of merchantable uality: s17 (c) †¢ In a contract for sale by sample, implied condition that the bulk corresponds with the sample in quality, that the buyer will have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample, and that the goods are free from any defect, rendering them unmerchantable, which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample: s18 Clear words are required to exclude implied terms (Wallis v Pratt and Haynes). Trade Practic es Act 1974 (Cth) The Trade Practices Act will only operate where the supplier is a corporation and the acquirer is a consumer within the statutory definition (ss4 and 4b) or if the transaction falls within one of the categories of extended application of the legislation for example, if the tranaction occurred as part of the supplier engaging in trade or commerce internationally, interstate or between a state and territory (s6(2)(c)). Terms implied by the Trade Practices Act are not limited to contract for the sale of goods but also extend to their supply. Supply is defined to include sale, exchange, lease, hire or hire purhcaes (s4). The Trade Practices Act implies in a contract for supply of service, a warranty that the service will be rendered with due care and skill and that any materials supplied will be reasonably fit for the purpose for which they are supplied. A further warranty will be implied that the services and materials supplied in connection with them will be reasonably fit for the purpose for which those services are required – or of such a nature and quality that they might reasonably be expected to achieve the result.

Why Are Integrated Resorts Important To Singapore Tourism Essay

Why Are Integrated Resorts Important To Singapore Tourism Essay In the current, the appearance of two integrated resorts acted the changing the economic structure in Singapore. It is a form of the government to make a growth of tourism receipts will be achieving to SG$30 billion, compared to the year 2009 that was SG$12.8 billion and twofold the amount of tourists to 17 million by 2015 (Montesano and Onn 2011a). According to the Singapore Tourism Board (STB), the total amount of receipts tourisms reached to SG$18.8 billion in 2010, and confirmed the highest number in ten years. For the expanse of the economy in front, there is a requirement by creating 60,000 jobs in IRs, and contributed 1 to 11/2 per cent of Singapores GDP (The Straits Times February 27 2012). According to the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MIT), by 2015, Resort World Sentosa and Marina Bay Sand would generate about 0.8% (about SG$2.7 billion) for Singapores GDP. Some examples, such as RWSs investment in IR in 2009, it invested SG$826 million on construction task and other prop erties, plants, and equipment. It showed that the extra value to Singapores GDP. Besides, IRs were awaited to lift tourist arrivals and the service industry. In 2010, within the first six months, the tourist arrivals have been increasing (Appendix 1). Especially, the highest amount of tourists was presented in July. The hotel occupancy rate was higher at 85% compared to 2009 was 72%. These figures were affected by a remarkable role of the two IRs. In the fourth quarter of the year 2012, Singapores economy avoided recession at 1.8% rise, and overall GDP the years growth at 1.2% (The Straits Times January 3 2013a). Additionally, the IRs generate economic spin-off what interest hotel, food and beverage industry, retail, and conventions and exhibitions as well (Montesano and Onn 2011b). For example, in 2009, MICE tourists receipts plunged to SG$2.7 million and SG$4.2 million in revenue, respectively. The Singapore Tourism Board (STB), the MICE receipts can contribute 35% of the total to urism receipts by 2015 (Yeoman 2012). Society is impacted caused the development of IRs. The development of tourism in Singapore is a reason to emerge labour issues for the hotel, mostly migrant workers (Hitchcock 2009). However, Marina Bay Sand happening in Singapore has some plans to engage local people. There are about 10,000 job vacancies for elderly unemployed citizens, women and housewives. There are no migrant workers (Conrady 2010). In a research from BBC News (2012), the number of foreign workers was more than 30% of Singapore worker force of about 3 million people. In addition, citizens complain about many problems that are crowded public transportation, high cost of living, high cost of having a car, stressful life, poor customer services, and so on (Butcher and Velayutham 2009). Public transportation is overcrowding passengers on MRT is a serious concern for the Singapore government. The MRT has been extended and added more lines to resolve the current problem. The extension of the East West line is 57.2 km w ill begin by 2016 and will serve a large amount of the workplace is about 100,000 commuters. There are also two MRT lines are the Thomson Line and Eastern Region Line will begin by 2020 for commuters outside the city. These proposals will meet the leap from 1.4 million commuters to 4.6 million commuters a day in 2020 (Libguides 2011). Furthermore, Singaporeans have met with high housing purchases caused income replacement ratio (IRR). The IRR ratio fell between 17% and 18% for middle earning labours in the individual wage groups, at retirement age of 65. It affects the retirement income when purchasing homes is mortgage payment. Prices property rises are a $100,000 increase in HDB home price will get IRR by between 3.0% and 12.4% so in order to offset the impact of high housing purchases the earnings growth of 0.4% to 1.2% (Hoong et al. 2012). On the other hand, the prices of private homes in the fourth quarter of the year 2012 grew to 1.8% in Singapore, compared with 0.6% in the pr evious quarter. In 2012, general costs went up 2.8%, compared to the last year that was 5.8%. HDB resale prices increased to 2.5% in the fourth quarter of the year 2012, compared to the year 2011 (The Straits Times January 3 2013b). Littering issue is the considerable concern with the Singapores government. Now, the population has been increasing, and the big inflow of foreign workers in Singapore, what are the main reasons make the city is not so clean. People use the window as a dustbin to throw a lot of stuff so the government has made a limitation of overseas labours, and created more attractive jobs for Singaporeans (Today November 12 2012). The improvement of technology contributes the development of IRs. Changi International Airport is one of the worlds best airport includes terminal 1, terminal 2 and terminal 3. In 2013, the plan for building terminal 4 to replace budget terminal will start and will complete in 2017 to provide better service to 16 million passengers compared with budget terminal was 7 million passengers (Channelnewsasia 2012). Moreover, internet technology has a vital role to promote the tourism industry around the world by creating good news about tourism of Singapore (Devanish 2011). Monaco is a small independent country located in Western Europe on the Mediterranean Sea (Shei 2008). Monte-Carlo is the most prominent caused it is a joy as a tourist destination and casinos in Monaco (Singh 2008). There are four casinos in Monte-Carlo: Le Casino de Monte-Carlo, Le Cafà © de Paris, Le Sporting Monte-Carlo and Le Sun Casino (Timothey and Teye 2009). Monte-Carlo SBM is a group owns hotels and casinos, including Les Thernes Marins de is one of the best spa of the world (Gershman 2009). In analytic PESTEL concerns, showing that PESTEL impacts and issues have affected future development of integrated resort development in Monaco. The first is a detailed analysis of political impact. Monaco is a constitutional monarchy which is known as National Council since 2009. National Council has 24 members who are elected by locals every 5 years. The government combined of 5 ministers knows as Conseiller du Gouvernement with different responsibilities such as economy, culture, society, education, housing, environment, transportation, and public service for community, technology, health care and others. Monaco is handled and protected by France (King 2008). It receives many benefits like an EU membership, and the currency is Euro. In 1993, it attended the United Nations and the Council of Europe in 2004 (Rogers and Crimmins 2011). Current political issue is SBM employers feel dissatisfied the rights of workers. They need to have their own party to be elected to become a member o f National Council in order to secure for SBM workers in the current and future in Monaco. In the case, if the party can get 12.5% of the vote, it will win. However, they will have a problem with Union Monegasque and Horizon Monaco. On 15 November 2012, there was a preparation for 24 members in trade unions for Renaissances election campaign. On 10 January 2012, the official list members will notice (The Riviera Times November 15 2012a). Secondly, following the Monaco Government Tourist and Convention Authority (2011), GDP reached to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬4.37 billion. It rose by 6.6% compared to 2010. The Singapore economy has recovered since 2010 was 2.1% after there was a decrease by 11.5% in 2009. According to 2011 GDP Report, GDP per capita (PPP) was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬51,556 that was an increase by 4%. In 2010, tourism industry achieved a significant amount. The act of selling hotel industry climbed to 8.4%, equivalent to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬493,472,800 excluding VAT compared to 2009 was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬455,421,462. These figures showing the tourism industry is going up. In 2010, leisure tourism made up 80% of hotel arrivals compared to business tourism was 20%. Monaco was 30 top of target arrivals. It achieved the figures of travellers from new markets are Mexico (+23%), Brazil (+24%), New Zealand (+24%), Australia (+32 %), India (+41%). The government of Monaco expects the number of Indian tourists will increase to 25% caused from 2010 to 2012 the number of Indian travelled to Monaco grew from 1,200 people to 1,500 people (APN News November 21 2012). Monaco has no income tax on residents and low business taxes. However, casino revenue for the government achieves 75%. Business tax rate is 33.33%. In case, the companys turnover get more than 25% generates outside of Monaco (OECD 2010). The additional profit tax rates will be reducing for further incorporation within the first 5 years following in the first 2 years, the third year, the fourth year, the fifth year and the sixth year with the tax rate will be payable is 0%; 25%; 50%; 75%; 100%, respectively (Cambell 2008). Tax exile is a common issue of Monaco. An investigation represented more than 2,000 Britons live in Monaco made UKs economy lost tax revenue  £1 billion. The issue is 533 directors of UK companies registered their business in Monaco. Tax exiles said that UKs economy receives many benefits from them by creating jobs, paying corporate tax and 19.6% VAT in Monaco (The Times November 20 2012). Thirdly, in Monaco, cost of living is so expensive compared to other countries. It is excellent 13 of 198 countries that have a high standard of living. Education is free for students from 6 year-old to 16 year-old. There is no competition in education so it fells the opportunity to finish on quality provision. The crime rate is lower than other countries (King 2008). According to the Economist (2008), real estate costs were at a high number that is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬50,000/m2, compared to London and New York was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬28,000/m2, à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬16,500/m2 respectively caused the lack of space and low tax policy. On 26 September 2012, National Council decided to reform retirement in order to minimize Monegasque society despite the protests of Workers Trade Union. Monthly, workers will pay more contributions to pension caused the government wants to raise capital by reducing labour cost. An increase of employees is 0.8% and 1.8%for employers (The Riviera Times September 9 2012b). Fourthly, The Web 2.0 is a valuable tool for the Monaco Convention Bureau. The objective is to reach the target market by combining technology system what is called email marketing strategy and economic amenities to organizers of seminars, exhibition, congresses and trade shows. Within 1 month, it designed and sent the first email to about 6,000 receipts, including meeting, corporations (Dinnie 2011). On the other hand, Monaco has the highest broadband usage rate in the world was 47.4% in 2009 caused the Internet users got 75.2% of the population (Siaroff 2009). There is no international airport in Monaco. However, the nearest airport is Nice that is only 22km from Monaco, and direct bus services from the Nice airport to Monaco within 45 minutes. Guests can have their journey by helicopter within 7 minutes (Jha 2011, p.24). Fifthly, in Monaco, there is sewage treatment for the city water then it is discharged into the sea by submarine outfalls. In addition, solid wastes are recycled but the weight drop at 70 percent before treatment. The most part of Monaco is an urbanized area (Allah et al. 2012). According the Monaco Government Tourist and Convention Authority (2012), it has a policy to protect and keep clean beaches caused cigarette butts of tourists and smokers grew in the sand on the beach. There are about 4000 ashtrays were giving out to locals and tourist from 1 July 2012 to 15 November 2012. It was remarkably successful in June 2012. Lastly, in Monaco, citizens are not allowed to gamble in casino (Thompson 2012). Gambling is legal that provides government revenue through regulation and taxation between the government and gaming organizations (Strzalko et al. 2009). The goal of integrated resorts is to make money and provide entertainment for guests (Congrave and Klassen 2009). Are balance between gaming operation and non-gaming operation in integrated resorts businesses? Casinos are in integrated resorts offer accommodation, restaurants, retail, spas, pools, conventions in order to attract customers to casinos. All of them are non-gaming activities. Despite strong investment for non-gaming activities, their revenues are not good, compared with revenues of gaming activities (Selin and Davey 2012). Furthermore, in Monaco, casinos provide their revenues for urban development and to upgrade tourism facilities, infrastructure. Monte-Carlo Casino invests monies for security technology to keep safety for its customers. A Dallmeier video security system is used for monitoring and operating by the Monte Carlo Casino. There are approximately 400 cameras. It also use the Pixim-Powered Dallmeier system caused it provides high-quality pictures, and it is ea sy to use and fast for searching pictures in the system by using jog-shuttle tool. All movements in positioning and counting at gaming table, and operations within the casino are operated quickly by Pixims DPS technology (Pixim 2007). What are differences between traditional resorts and integrated resorts? Traditional resort knows as a destination including hotel accommodations, restaurant facilities, swimming pools and other recreational amenities for visitors (Mill 2008). Integrated resort is a resort with mixed development of hotels, casinos, spas, sport facilities, attractions, shopping centres and convention centres (Mallin 2009). Mixed-use resort is a method for development of the tourism market. It combines the development of hotels, entertainments, leisure and sporting activities, retail outlets and attractions (Robinson 2012). The mixed used is hugely popular for developers to support the buildings cost of traditional resort hotel facilities and gets benefits for owners of properties, control of food and beverage and recreational activities (HVS Global Hospitality Services 2011). Sustainable development is an important concept for integrated resorts. The idea of all-inclusive means everything includes in one price. Different resorts have different all-inclusive packages offer to guests to increase the sales of products. For instance, some all-inclusive packages include accommodations, breakfasts and return airport transfers for 2 ways or room, lunch and dinner, and spa treatment with limited time and so on. This is a way to offer promotional packages to customers to change the ways to monitor and manage resorts (Luck 2008). Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel Resort applies the all-inclusive strategy for durable development. Some promotional packages are offered by Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel Resort such as Monte-Carlo Experience Festival Printemps Des Arts package includes 1 night accommodation in a double room, buffet breakfast per person and 2 tickets to attend Printemps Des Arts Festival 2013, and Monte-Carlo Gourmet Experience package includes 2 night accommodation in a d ouble room, buffet breast for per person per day, 1 Monte-Carlo invitation card valued 200 euros to be spent at 20 restaurants belong to Monte-Carlo SBM group (SBM 2011). In addition, most exciting international events are organized in Monaco. It is a destination for all types of events related to culture, sport and leisure. There is a full calendar of famous events through the year 2013 such as Monte-Carlo International Circus Festival, Monte-Carlo Automobile Rally, International Bouquet Competition, Monaco Grand Prix, Monte-Carlo Summer Sporting Festival, Monaco Red Cross Gala, Monaco Yatch Show, Monaco International Trade Fair (Husain 2011). Specially, Monaco is a paradise for sport such as Monaco Formula 1 Grand Prix draws thousands of travellers around the world. The Master 1000 Tennis Tournament has the attendance of all top stars. The 150th anniversary Monte-Carlo SBM properties will be celebrated by the year 2013. Besides, the 25th anniversary of the Louis XV restaurant is the oldest restaurant in Monaco. The large participation of 200 chefs and 300 Michelin stars from all over the world with a wine cellar has 400,000 bottles. This celebration demonstrated 25 years of excellent service and position of Monaco in hospitality industry (Tourismmandlifestylenews 2012). Prince Albert II Monaco Foundation is a policy to protect green environment in order to maintain Monaco, where is an attractive place for tourists and residents. Space is so limited so new development plans for hotels are unable to come to increase competition in Monaco. This is an opportunity for development of SBM. (Thompson 2012).

The influence of sleep on the accuracy of memory Essay -- Health, Fals

The influence of sleep on the accuracy of memory The purpose of this study is to do a memory-for-words that will explore the influence of sleep on the accuracy of memory. The study examines the influence of sleep on false memory. This study is looking at two things: (1) how does sleep improve recognition of words? And if so, it would support the claim that sleep facilitates encoding into LTM. (2) How does sleep enhance a false memory of a word? According to Elizabeth F. Loftus (1996) false memories are often created by combining actual memories with suggestions received from others, it can include words that we learn and having them associated with semantic information. False memories are cause when we fail to recall the correct information. When we store information rarely we retrieve it exactly the way it happened, the fail to recall the information correctly may lead to false memories. Sleep in false memory are measured by recalling words that categorized as studied before, critical words which are the unstudied words, and the critical words which are the one that were nit studied before, but because of the semantic association it may appear during recall process. Stadler, Roediger, & McDermott (1999). A DMR paradigm is the tendency to falsely recall a target word from a list of words concentrated around that word. It lures people to falsely recall items that were never presented Roediger & McDermott (1995). In DRM paradigm, lists of words are constructed so that each word given is associated with a single non- presented word, referring to it as a critical lure. For instance, in this experiment to test participants’ words such as letters, school, study, reading, pen, pencil, paper, and pages, were presented, but its relat... ...he items in the evening and in the following morning 12 hours later after their normal sleeping time, their memory for the items were tested. The non-sleep group studied and practiced the items in the morning 12 hours later after their day of activity their memory was tested. From the results was found that there was no significance difference between the two groups in recalling the words. Limitations in this study that it uses a recognition technic instead of a free recall, low sample size, did not look at gender, as well as ethnicity (language in this case mater, especially when it comes to words that are not so familiar it is hard to recall them). In future studies a bigger sample size would be relevant for a better outcome of the result, do the test in a native language would help participant for a better recall, look at the difference in gender, ethnicity.

Critical Lens Essay

Trust is a very valuable thing is one’s life. Without trust, it is next to impossible to go through life. Graham Green happens to agree with this as she had once said, â€Å"†¦ it is impossible o go through life without trust†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One can interpret this quote as trust being an essential aspect to life and in order to go through it, there must be someone or something a person can put his or her faith in. Two works of literature that reflect this quote are The Fault in Our Stars by John Greene and A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. Trust sometimes helps people strengthen themselves to be able to go through tough times in life. John Greene proves so in his book, The Fault in Our Stars. Hazel and Augustus are able to build a strong relationship. The author uses characterization in order to build trust between the two characters. Since Hazel was able to put her faith in Augustus, her character became stronger and started to have more confidence in herself. Augustus, a philosophical teenager, helps Hazel live her life in the limited time that she has although he, himself was dying. Both characters became stronger and were able to live their life as much as they could because of how they made each other feel. Augustus made sure Hazel never looked down on herself. When it was time for Augustus to go, Hazel was strong enough to give him a proper good-bye. In Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, trust is used in order strengthen the relationships within the family. When Mama receives the insurance check that the family was waiting for, Mama decides to buy a house with the money. Doing so creates a conflict between Walter Lee. To make things right, Mama entrusts him with the rest of the money. But, Walter Lee breaks the whole family’s trust by investing the money in the liquor store even though he told not to do so. When his friend runs away with the money, Walter Lee realizes his mistake. It was the family’s faith in Walter Lee, which let them forgive him. The family knew that he truly regretted what he had done and that he would do everything in his power to try and gain their trust. Trust is the key to building relationships and maintaining them. In John Greene’s The Fault in Our Stars and Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, the trust and faith is what keeps the characters headstrong. Hazel and Augustus’s trust helps them stay optimistic through their illness. The Younger family’s trust within themselves helps maintain their relationships with each other and get through tough obstacles in life. Both works of literature prove that trust is essential to life.

LBJ1 essays

LBJ1 essays Describe the successes and failures of president Johnson in his attempt to build a great society in the U.S.A in the years 1963-1968 A third of a century after Lyndon B. Johnson abandoned his five-year roller coaster as president; his attempts for the betterment of mankind were not always met with approval. Conservatives disdain his Great Society, while liberals excoriate his Vietnam policy. Reganites group Johnsons tenure with the Nixon, Ford, and Carter administrations in a quartet of presidential failures that precipitated their revolution in the transformation of America and her people. Yet Lyndon Baines Johnson was one of the great Liberal nationalists of the American century. In Congress, by crossing the views of Southern populism with the rapidly expanding Northern progressivism he harnessed federal power to modernize the South. As a president, he soothed a nation reeling from Kennedys assassination, fathered civil rights legislation, and crusaded to conquer poverty in his fanciful attempt to become the greatest presidential reformer in the countrys history. It was in his firs 15 months that Mr. Johnson best demonstrated the qualities for which he hoped to be remembered. By masterly managing the transition of power from the slain president to himself, by restoring faith in the viability of the American System of divided legislature and executive powers, by proving the nations capacity to withstand the horror of assassination and by persuading the world of the strength and continuity of America and her institutions. Shrewd management of his relations with Congress brought about quick action on a tax-cut bill only weeks after Mr. Johnson became President. He paved the way for the $11-billion cut slashing the budget, which apparently impressed the economic blocs. In July 1964, Mr. Johnson proudly signed into law the most sweep...

The Role of the Supreme Court, Government, Economics, and Protests in the Civil Rights Movement

The Role of the Supreme Court, Government, Economics, and Protests in the Civil Rights Movement There were four different elements that contributed to the success of the Civil Rights Movement: the Supreme Court, the Government, the economic situation of the time, and the protests of the movement. The role, which the Supreme Court's played in the success of the civil rights movement, was essentially one of neutrality. The Supreme Court ordered the segregation of schools and other public facilities, known as the policy of separate but equal. But the Supreme Court, also, declared the separate but equal laws unconstitutional and ordered desegregation. The different parts of the United States government played different roles. John F Kennedy and the executive branch helped to protect the nonviolent protesters from violent acts against them as well as issuing executive orders, such as banning employment discrimination. Congress helped by passing laws in favor of the black, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, one of the great victories in the Civil Rights movement.Civil Rights Act o f 1964The economics of the day placed many blacks in ghettos in the north, this situation allowed them to organize themselves to protest segregation. The protests of the movement showed the country how the black were treated and that all they wanted was to be treated fairly, the protests also allowed them to make themselves a nuisance for the police and government to deal with.The Supreme Court made some of the major decisions that instituted segregation in the late 1800s and some of the major decisions that brought about integration in the 1950s. In 1896, with the court case of Plessy v Ferguson the Supreme court decided to segregate "intrastate railcars" between white and black (Constitutional). "This decision legitimized the segregation of American society under the 'Separate but Equal' doctrine" (Constitutional). Then in 1954 with the court case of Brown v Board of...

Definition, Examples of the Rhetorical Term Epanalepsis

Definition, Examples of the Rhetorical Term Epanalepsis (1) Epanalepsis is a rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at regular intervals: a refrain. Adjective: epanaleptic. (2) More specifically, epanalepsis may refer to repetition at the end of a clause or sentence of the word or phrase with which it began, as in Next time  there wont be a  next time (Phil Leotardo in  The Sopranos). In this sense, epanalepsis is a combination of anaphora and epistrophe. Also known as inclusio. EtymologyFrom the Greek, resumption, repetition Pronunciation e-pa-na-LEP-sis Examples Always Low Prices. Always. (Walmart slogan)Rejoice in the Lord always: and again I say, Rejoice. (The Bible, Phil. 4.4)In the run-up to Christmas, we will publicly disembowel anyone heard using the phrase in the run-up to Christmas. (Michael Bywater, The Chronicles of Bargepole, Jonathan Cape, 1992)Music I heard with you was more than music,And bread I broke with you was more than bread. (Conrad Aiken, Bread and Music, 1914)He is noticeable for nothing in the world except for the markedness by which he is noticeable for nothing.† (Edgar Allan Poe, The Literati of New York City. Godeys Ladys Book, Sep. 1846)Say over again, and yet once over again,That thou dost love me . . .. (Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Sonnets from the Portuguese)â€Å"Imagine me, an old gentleman, a distinguished author, gliding rapidly on my back, in the wake of my outstretched dead feet, first through that gap in the granite, then over a pinewood, then along misty water meadows, and then simply between mar ges of mist, on and on, imagine that sight!† (Vladimir Nabokov, Look at the Harlequins! McGraw Hill, 1974) Possessing what we still were unpossessed by,Possessed by what we now no more possessed. (Robert Frost, The Gift Outright)They went home and told their wives,that never once in all their lives,had they known a girl like me,But . . . They went home. (Maya Angelou, They Went Home)The man who did the waking buys the man who was sleeping a drink; the man who was sleeping drinks it while listening to a proposition from the man who did the waking. (Jack Sparrow, The Pirates of the Caribbean)We know nothing of one another, nothing. Smiley mused. However closely we live together, at whatever time of day or night we sound the deepest thoughts in one another, we know nothing. (John le Carrà ©, Call for the Dead, 1961) Epanalepsis in Julius Caesar Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that you may believe. (Brutus in Act III, scene two of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare)By repeating hear and believe at both the beginning and end of successive lines, Brutus emphasizes to the crowd that these are the two main things he desires: for the crowd to hear him and, more significantly, to believe what he is about to say regarding the assassination of Julius Caesar. Epanalepsis in Little Dorritt Mr. Tite Barnacle was a buttoned-up man, and consequently a weighty one. All buttoned-up men are weighty. All buttoned-up men are believed in. Whether or no the reserved and never-exercised power of unbuttoning, fascinates mankind; whether or no wisdom is supposed to condense and augment when buttoned up, and to evaporate when unbuttoned; it is certain that the man to whom importance is accorded is the buttoned-up man. Mr. Tite Barnacle never would have passed for half his current value, unless his coat had been always buttoned-up to his white cravat. (Charles Dickens, Little Dorritt, 1855-1857) Epanalepsis in James Joyces Ulysses Don John Conmee walked and moved in times of yore. He was humane and honoured there. He bore in mind secrets confessed and he smiled at smiling noble faces in a beeswaxed drawingroom, ceiled with full fruit clusters. And the hands of a bride and bridegroom, noble to noble, were impalmed by Don John Conmee. (James Joyces, Chapter 10 of Ulysses, 1922) Notes on Epanalepsis in Prose Epanalepsis is rare in prose, probably because when the emotional situation arises that can make such a scheme appropriate, poetry seems to be the only form that can adequately express the emotion. (Edward P.J. Corbett and Robert J. Connors, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student. Oxford University Press, 1999)When epanalepsis is used in prose, it often creates sentences that stand alone as aphorisms: Nothing can be created out of nothing (Lucretius). Men of few words are the best men (Henry IV 3.2). (Arthur Quinn and Lyon Rathbun, Epanalepsis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, ed. by Theresa Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996)The fourth-century grammarian and rhetorician Tiberius lists epanalepsis as a rhetorical figure, but at the conclusion of his explanation uses the term analepsis instead: Epanalepsis is when the same word is placed twice in the same clause or in the same sentence, with the same context. ... Public speakers use analepsis at the beginning, in the same way as palillogia, but Homer used it also at the end. (Joachim Burmeister, Musical Poetics, trans. by Benito V. Rivera. Yale Univ. Press, 1993)

Your thoughts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your thoughts - Essay Example Running both programs simultaneously might present challenges to both students and their instructors; however, it is crucial for special needs students to attend regular class so that they can familiarize themselves with the new environment. Moreover, integrating these students with their colleagues helps to create situations where students with special needs feel inadequate (Mastropieri & Scruggs, 2010). As a teacher, I will use the information learnt throughout the course to think about ways that my teaching techniques and strategies will best meet the needs of all my students without sidelining any of them based on their unique needs. An issue close to heart entails the specific needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students (CLDs). CLDs fall under the category of students with special needs; whereby, their cultural or linguistic backgrounds impede their learning speed and ability to learn in general. Sheltering these students by limiting their exposure to native students their age does little to improve their fluency; however, it functions to undermine their self-worth. As a teacher, I would move to integrate both the concrete and abstract environment. Meaning, I would arrange sitting arrangements partnering students with unique needs with those without, whereas, I would incorporate examples from different cultural backgrounds while teaching concepts (Noll, 2013). This w ay, all students will be able to achieve their academic goals in an environment that recognizes their

Training and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Training and development - Essay Example The supervisors who are not a part of the HRD department have a definitive role to play within the midst of things. This is because these supervisors and managers must comprehend how they can bring in the much required value for the sake of the organization and what kind of initiatives they need to deploy to extract the best possible returns for it in the long run. The supervisors and managers therefore have a responsibility to look after the needs and aspirations of the employees who work under their aegis and are trying their utmost to give in the best, on a proactively consistent basis. The training realms within any organization remain significant in entirety because the training modules teach so much more than merely training the employees. They tell them the basics related with conducting their respective chores, tasks and undertakings. They also dictate the exact basis through which work processes get manifested in entirety. What is even more significant is an understanding th at the supervisors and managers play their necessary roles at inculcating the kind of training that is needed by the organization in essence. The HRD department is therefore dependent on the supervisors and managers but what is ambiguous is the fact that these supervisors and managers are not a part of this HRD philosophy at all. ... The training procedures are important to ascertain because these take into consideration the aspects of inculcating the true spirits of the organization on to the employees who remain significant during such undertakings. The supervisors and managers need to come out of their related realms to make sure that the employees are on track and are able to complete their jobs in a proper way. This is so needed because this will ensure complete smoothness amongst the employees as far as the work ethos are concerned, and the manner under which success can be achieved at the end of the day. Also the list of responsibilities within such understandings comprise of providing lectures and undertaking workshops which have a long term commitment with the employees, who will go out there and produce results for the organization that will be long standing and have a direct effect on the organization’s measures and ethos. The HRD philosophy is therefore an important barometer for knowing how th ings shape up within organizations and how the supervisors and employees will pay their due role within the thick of things. The supervisors and employees therefore devise ways and means through which their training procedures would be transferred to the employees in an unambiguous and most direct way. This would enable the employees to feel empowered and their work domains would be safely undertaken. The HRD department gets aligned with these supervisors and employees who are essentially not a part of the same, but are made to give in their best because the organizational values hold significance for them and this has a lot of bearing on the employees’ professional realms as well. The employees learn to remain motivated within their ranks

Disscusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Disscusion - Essay Example The CDF (2014) affirms that no cases of the new H7N9 virus have been detected in people and birds within the United States. A number of avian influenza viruses have been able to cross the species barrier on a few occasions with the effect of having a varying impact on human health. Kreijtz et al, (2013), point out that the majority of the humans infected with avian virus have presented with severe viral pneumonia before they eventually became critically ill. These symptoms are supported by findings by the CDC (2014) which reports that while some relatively mild cases of human H7N9 infection have been reported with most of these patients being diagnosed as having severe respiratory illnesses, an alarming one-third of infections result in death. The pandemic potential of the H7N9 virus is evidenced by the fact that the estimated mortality rate of one-third of infected patients provided by the CDC (2014) is found to be similar to the results of an epidemiologic study that was conducted on 82 confirmed cases of persons infected with the H7N9 virus in china by Li et al. (2013). In the study, it was found that the mortality rate for the disease was at about 21%, however, Li et al, (2013), highlighted the fact that this percentage was quite likely to increase as most of the patients in the study who were confirmed as having the H7N9 virus infection remained critically ill. Attempts to try and control the spread of the avian A (H7N9) virus by the controlled culling of birds in affected areas might not be particularly successful as is shown by the results of a study conducted by Olson et al, (2013). In the study, the researchers established that controlling human infection with the H7N9 avian influenza subtype by the culling of birds might prove to be quite challenging as a result of the probability that some of the infected domestic flocks might be asymptomatic. Olson et al, (2013), also

Heart Circulation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Heart Circulation - Lab Report Example The average CO in a resting man is 5.0 L/min (70 mL x 72 BPM) (Ganong, 2003). Cardiac output is controlled by many factors, primarily by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. During exercise, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. As a result, there is an increase in heart rate due to the increased sympathetic stimulation and decreased vagal stimulation to the sinoatrial node (SA node), which is the pacemaker of the heart (increased chronotropic contractility). There is also an increase in the force of contraction by the cardiac myocytes (increased inotropic contractility). From the results, it can be seen that following exercise, the heart rate (BPM) increases significantly. The mean control value was approximately 79 beats per minute and after exercise this value rose to approximately 148 beats per minute. The changes in the ECG readings were also depictive of the increase in heart rate and cardiac contractility. The mean R-T interval, which represents the peak of ventricular depolarization/contraction up to ventricular repolarization/ relaxation, shortened from 0.102 at rest to 0.106 sec during exercise. The mean value of diastole duration, which represents the period of relaxation, during which the heart fills with blood (Guyton & Hall, 2000) also shortened to 0.518 to 0.268 sec. The P-Q interval, which represents atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization (Fauci, et.al, 2008), increased which should is not the expected outcome since this too should be shortened due to the increase in heart rate. The ECG also shows that the P wave is deeper during exercise, this is because the atrium produced a more powerful contraction in order to meet the demand for oxygen. This is also true for the QRS wave which also provides more powerful contractions of the ventricles. During exercise, there is more blood going to the active or contracting muscles. The heart and skeletal muscles are predominantly under local control whereas the splanchnic, renal and other sub-circulations are predominantly under systemic control. Since exercise causes an increased sympathetic response, the blood vessels of the splanchnic, renal and other sub-circulations constrict which causes the blood to be shunted to the exercising active skeletal and cardiac muscles. Local control of the active skeletal and cardiac muscles is also responsible for the increased blood flow because of the vasodilation due to the increased metabolic activity (release of metabolites such as Mg++, Ca++, ADP and PCO2). The premise of the cardiovascular system is that more blood is given to the organs or areas that are metabolically active. At rest, the skeletal muscles only receive 21% of the cardiac output. At peak, the exercising muscle receives 85% of the cardiac output (Berne, et.al, 2004). The mi lking out of blood from the skeletal muscle veins during contraction (muscle pump) and the constriction of venous capacitance vessels as a result of the sympathetic response causes the increase in stroke volume which subsequently, increases the cardiac output. In healthy young individuals breathing at a normal rate, the heart rate varies with the phases of respiration; it accelerates during inspiration and decelerates during expiration (Ganong, 2003). This was seen in the results as the mean value of BMP during inspiration was greater (88.74) than during expiration (67.109). This is termed as sinus arrhythmia, which is considered

Relationship marketing - case of Tesco Dissertation

Relationship marketing - case of Tesco - Dissertation Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the relationship marketing is the form of marketing where the firms emphasize more on customer satisfaction and customer retention rather than pushing the product. The companies are rather taking a pull strategy for developing new product and acquire the customers. When a company has good relation with its customers then the customers will become loyal to the company and that will help the company also acquire new customers. In the era of globalization the competition between the firms are intense, and for retaining the market share the companies need to develop some innovative strategy of marketing so that the customers become more attracted to their products. When a company is trying to push the products then the customer might loss attraction for their products because the products of the concerned company may not be meet the customer requirements. The customers may shift their attention to any other brand where they can get the produ cts as per their requirements. As a result the revenue of the former company gets affected as well as their profit. So for retaining the market share the companies should stop using the push marketing strategy, instead they need to use the pull marketing strategy. The companies should consider the customer requirements with the most importance, and for become the market leader the companies should develop a good relationship with the customers. ... They have to face the political challenges of different countries and competition from the local competitors. The opportunities of the local competitors are that they can develop the relationship with the local customers easily where it is tough for the multinational competitors. The local companies can understand what the customers want as they are operating in the same country. But the companies which are operating globally they need to understand the local customers need for generating revenue and profit from the country. The requirements of the customers differ from one country to another. The companies need to understand the customer requirements of different countries for generating profit from that country. For knowing the customer requirements the multinational companies need to conduct the market research in that particular country. Through the marketing research processes the companies can come to know about the customer needs, the customer also feel that the company is try ing to utilizing their responses. Through these processes the companies can come close to the customers, the relation between the customer and the company get improved. For achieving the sustainable market share and gaining profit the companies need to make some long term strategies. The customers are the main stakeholders of the company. The customers naturally obtain for the company where they can get maximum value in a relatively lower price. The customers expect that the product will obviously meet their basic requirements and as well as they can get some more benefits from that product. The customers will go for the brand where they can get maximum benefits after meeting the basic requirements. In this report

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Critique - Essay Example The experimentation imitated the procedure used in outdated experiments. An outdated experiment is structured with both the dependent and independent variables, post testing and pretesting. Finally, control groups and experimental groups. The prison replication, as seen in the documentary, was a good experimentation for observational reasons and tested the theory that imprisonments can expose the most horrible characteristics in those who work in them and those imprisoned (Zimbardo). Zimbardo and his partners defined the procedures they used to measure the forces of stress, evaluated the data gathered from questionnaires, and documented the communications of the securities and convicts (Zimbardo). The two components of analysis were imitations of a prescribed organization of the securities and the inmates. The respondents were asked questions concerning the experimentation and the process of conducting the research experiment. The experiment entailed the dependent and independent variables, working explanations for simulation purposes, and testing of hypothesis (Zimbardo). This experimentation obeyed the measures used by the old-fashioned experiment. Some experiments do not have an investigational group and a control group. In the old research, research had no identifiable control group, but for the research purposes, it was assumed that the control group consisted of people who were not in jail and not exposed to such cruel environment (Zimbardo).  The experimental hypothesis was meant to measure the emotional effects of imprisonments on the entities based on the physical background or the prisoners themselves. The reason for the research was to pick healthy male individuals and discover the consequences of physical environment in an isolated environment (Zimbardo). The police arrested and took the prisoners to prison as presented in the

Heart Circulation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Heart Circulation - Lab Report Example The average CO in a resting man is 5.0 L/min (70 mL x 72 BPM) (Ganong, 2003). Cardiac output is controlled by many factors, primarily by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. During exercise, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. As a result, there is an increase in heart rate due to the increased sympathetic stimulation and decreased vagal stimulation to the sinoatrial node (SA node), which is the pacemaker of the heart (increased chronotropic contractility). There is also an increase in the force of contraction by the cardiac myocytes (increased inotropic contractility). From the results, it can be seen that following exercise, the heart rate (BPM) increases significantly. The mean control value was approximately 79 beats per minute and after exercise this value rose to approximately 148 beats per minute. The changes in the ECG readings were also depictive of the increase in heart rate and cardiac contractility. The mean R-T interval, which represents the peak of ventricular depolarization/contraction up to ventricular repolarization/ relaxation, shortened from 0.102 at rest to 0.106 sec during exercise. The mean value of diastole duration, which represents the period of relaxation, during which the heart fills with blood (Guyton & Hall, 2000) also shortened to 0.518 to 0.268 sec. The P-Q interval, which represents atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization (Fauci, et.al, 2008), increased which should is not the expected outcome since this too should be shortened due to the increase in heart rate. The ECG also shows that the P wave is deeper during exercise, this is because the atrium produced a more powerful contraction in order to meet the demand for oxygen. This is also true for the QRS wave which also provides more powerful contractions of the ventricles. During exercise, there is more blood going to the active or contracting muscles. The heart and skeletal muscles are predominantly under local control whereas the splanchnic, renal and other sub-circulations are predominantly under systemic control. Since exercise causes an increased sympathetic response, the blood vessels of the splanchnic, renal and other sub-circulations constrict which causes the blood to be shunted to the exercising active skeletal and cardiac muscles. Local control of the active skeletal and cardiac muscles is also responsible for the increased blood flow because of the vasodilation due to the increased metabolic activity (release of metabolites such as Mg++, Ca++, ADP and PCO2). The premise of the cardiovascular system is that more blood is given to the organs or areas that are metabolically active. At rest, the skeletal muscles only receive 21% of the cardiac output. At peak, the exercising muscle receives 85% of the cardiac output (Berne, et.al, 2004). The mi lking out of blood from the skeletal muscle veins during contraction (muscle pump) and the constriction of venous capacitance vessels as a result of the sympathetic response causes the increase in stroke volume which subsequently, increases the cardiac output. In healthy young individuals breathing at a normal rate, the heart rate varies with the phases of respiration; it accelerates during inspiration and decelerates during expiration (Ganong, 2003). This was seen in the results as the mean value of BMP during inspiration was greater (88.74) than during expiration (67.109). This is termed as sinus arrhythmia, which is considered

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Critique - Essay Example The experimentation imitated the procedure used in outdated experiments. An outdated experiment is structured with both the dependent and independent variables, post testing and pretesting. Finally, control groups and experimental groups. The prison replication, as seen in the documentary, was a good experimentation for observational reasons and tested the theory that imprisonments can expose the most horrible characteristics in those who work in them and those imprisoned (Zimbardo). Zimbardo and his partners defined the procedures they used to measure the forces of stress, evaluated the data gathered from questionnaires, and documented the communications of the securities and convicts (Zimbardo). The two components of analysis were imitations of a prescribed organization of the securities and the inmates. The respondents were asked questions concerning the experimentation and the process of conducting the research experiment. The experiment entailed the dependent and independent variables, working explanations for simulation purposes, and testing of hypothesis (Zimbardo). This experimentation obeyed the measures used by the old-fashioned experiment. Some experiments do not have an investigational group and a control group. In the old research, research had no identifiable control group, but for the research purposes, it was assumed that the control group consisted of people who were not in jail and not exposed to such cruel environment (Zimbardo).  The experimental hypothesis was meant to measure the emotional effects of imprisonments on the entities based on the physical background or the prisoners themselves. The reason for the research was to pick healthy male individuals and discover the consequences of physical environment in an isolated environment (Zimbardo). The police arrested and took the prisoners to prison as presented in the

Global inequalit, and caste systems Essay Example for Free

Global inequalit, and caste systems Essay Describe the trend in global inequality over the course of the last century. Based on where we have been and where we are now, predict where the world may be a century from now. What prediction would modernization theory support? What about dependency theory? What do you think will happen? Why? Briefly describe the main characteristics of caste systems and class systems. How are these types linked to different kinds of economic production (agrarian versus industrial technology)? In what ways are people in class systems more equal than those in caste systems? What are the different justifications for inequality in each case? Question 1 Global inequality has been on the rise over the past century with the boom of the industrial and the information revolution. Countries known as the first world have far surpassed third world countries. Modernization theory points out those countries that had been the poorest have developed and have become richer due to the trade expansion and industrial revolution. This trend will rise in countries that have the technology to pursue this fast pace movement but countries that do not have the technology will see almost no change at all. I believe this trend will continue. Question 2 In the class system people are equal because more competition is at hand. People are only held back by the amount of energy they wish to expel to their careers or life style. In caste systems people are placed into pre-determined situations such as work or marriage purely based on who they have been born to and what their families have done for a living. The main characteristic of a caste system is based on arbitrary placement.  People are made to marry only others from within their own race such as in South Africa, and India. In a caste system, a son of a plumber will be a plumber. However, some characteristics of the caste system are seen here in the United States, which is a class system. Examples of this would be clearly the George W. Busch family and the Robert Kennedy family. Both are considered powerful political families created by passing down from one generation to the other their political influences and by marrying into other rich and influential families. What justifies caste and class systems are economics. Countries that depend on farming benefit from a caste system, because farming would be past down from one generation to the other making it to be more productive. Industrial nations on a class system use the most qualified persons from any class or social group based on their individual achievements and not solely based on birth. Therefore, a baker may have a son who makes great strides in science and help the nation develop.

Coach Variables Effect on Motivation and Performance

Coach Variables Effect on Motivation and Performance An Experimental study of the Independent and Interactive Effects of ‘Coach Variables’ on the motivation and performance of Rugby ‘Forwards’ INTRODUCTION Rugby is a hugely popular international sport (UKRFU[1], 2006; USARFU[2], 2006). Two teams of 13 players each, play the sport by kicking, passing, or carrying a ball. In order to win a team must score more ‘points’ than its opponent. Points can be achieved by a ‘try’ (5 points) or a ‘goal’ (3 points). The former entails touching the ball to the ground beyond a line in the opponents half (more points can be earned by performing a ‘place kick’ or drop kick’ conversion). A goal involves kicking the ball over the opponents cross bar (in the form of a penalty kick or drop kick). It is essential that the players are motivated. Research has shown that player motivation is partly dependent on coach variables (Tammen, 1997; Allen Howe, 1998; Cumming, 2002; Reinboth et al, 2004). In particular player aggressiveness, an important aspect of rugby, is influenced by coach input (Abd-Aziz, 1998; Guivernau-Rojas, 2001). Certain coaches are better able to ‘drive’ their players to victory than other coaches, for example by providing better feedback, frequent praise and encouragement, tactical advise, and corrective information. How players perceive their coach is critical (Mavi, 2004). Social psychological on literature (Norman, 1976; Lui Standing, 1989; Aronson, 1995; Eagly Chaiken, 1993; Pornpitakpan, 2004) suggests that characteristics such as credibility, likeability, and trustworthiness, may significantly determine a coaches’ motivational effectiveness. For example, a likeable coach may be more effective at encouraging his ‘forwards’ (‘tight-five’/’front five’ and ‘loose forwards’) to achieve successful try’s and goals. A review of the relevant literature (e.g. ‘PsychINFO’, ‘Academic Search Premier’), revealed a paucity of rugby research in this area. AIMS/HYPOTHESES The study proposed here aims to evaluate the effects of coach variables – credibility, likeability, and trustworthiness – on the performance of rugby players, particularly the ‘tight-five’/‘front-five’ and ‘loose forwards’. Consistent with previous research on communicator variables (e.g. Pornpitakpan, 2004), the following hypotheses are proposed with respect to player/team performance: A credible will achieve more try’s/goals than a non-credible coach. A trustworthy coach will achieve more try’s/goals than an untrustworthy coach. A likeable coach will achieve more try’s/goals than a disliked coach. Interactions (two-way and three-way) between these coach characteristics will influence the achievement of try’s/goals. METHODOLOGY Setting The study will be set up as a field experiment. The setting will be the premises of several local rugby clubs. Design The study will be based on a between-groups experimental design. There will be three independent variables: coach expertise (high/low/placebo/no treatment control), likeability (high/low), and trustworthiness (high/low). This will translate into a 4 x 2 x 2 between groups factorial design, using multivariate analysis of covariance (Coolican, 1994). Thus, in effect, there will be 16 experimental conditions. The dependent variables will consist of players reported motivation (after a match) and the number of successful try’s and goals during a match. Attempts will be made to control for important background variables, including player experience, weight, height, and, baseline motivational levels, and score history. Sample The sample will comprise several different teams of rugby players, recruited from schools, universities, and clubs in the local area. The target (i.e. minimum) sample size is 160 players, with at least 10 players per factorial cell. Stimulus Materials Prior arrangements would have been made with team officials to substitute the original team coaches with a stooge coach. Players will be informed that a new coach will temporarily ‘substitute’ their regular coach, who is unable to attend due to a prior family engagement. Two or three stooge coaches will be used, one for each team. Manipulation of independent variables will occur as follows: (Expertise): players will be informed by the researcher that their new coach is an ex-rugby player with either ≠¥10 years coaching experience or a newly qualified coach with (Likeability): Each stooge coach will act in either a friendly fashion (e.g. smiling, encouraging players), or an unfriendly manner (frowning, denigrating players). (Trustworthiness): Players will be informed either that the stooge coach is getting paid a substantial amount of cash for this one-off job, or is working for free (Aronson, 1995, pp.80-81). (Placebo): Players will receive irrelevant information about the stooge coach (e.g. where they live and marital status), who will act in neutral fashion (i.e. neither friendly or unfriendly). (Control): No information will be provided about the stooge coach, who will try to act in a neutral fashion. A self-report questionnaire will be used to collect baseline data from players on the following: perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and likeability of the stooge coach, and background variables including prior rugby experience, weight, height and score history. This questionnaire will also be used to assess current (i.e. pre-treatment) motivational levels and perform manipulation checks for each coach variable (i.e. expertise, likeability, trustworthiness). The study will be carried out during a series of rugby matches played in the local area. A ‘Game Day Check List’ (USARFU, 2006) will be used to work out the most appropriate time to brief players. Prior to each match each participating rugby team will be randomly assigned to one experimental condition. Particular attention will be paid to the ‘forwards’ or ‘pack’ (i.e. players 1-8). Players will be asked to complete the baseline questionnaire, as part of a general survey on the profile and interests of rugby players in the UK. They will also be informed about the use of a substitute coach, and given the appropriate background information regarding expertise and trustworthiness. After each match players will complete the baseline questionnaire, and then be debriefed. Data will be analysed using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), performed on SPSS (Field, 2002). Background variables will be treated as the covariates (i.e. control variables). A local Ethics Committee will review this project. It will conform to ethical guidelines of the British Psychological Society (BPS, 1993). Thus, the study will not involve any unnecessary deception, invasion of privacy, pain, injury, or discomfort, or violation of any legal requirements. Furthermore, all information collected from subjects will be strictly confidential. TIME SCALE The study will be conducted over a 12 month period. Month 1: Pilot study Month 2 to 3: Administration of Stimulus Materials Data Collection Month 4 to 5: SPSS Data Entry, Editing, and Analysis (MANCOVA) Month 6 to 8: Write Up Month 9 + : Dissemination of Findings DISSEMINATION OF FINDINGS Findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and Journal publications. It is planned that a paper will be presented at the 12th European Congress of Sports Psychology (4-7 September, 2007, Halkidiki, Greece). A paper will also be submitted to the Journal of Applied Sports Psychology or British Journal of Sports Medicine or International Journal of Sports Psychology, all of which are particular useful outlets for targeting academic audiences. REFERENCES Abd-Aziz, S.B. (1998) Aggressive tendencies in Malaysian youth soccer: an  examination of individual and contextual factors. Dissertation Abstracts  International: Section A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 59 (5-B), 2480. Allen, J. Howe, B.L. (1998) Player ability, coach feedback, and female adolescent  athletes’ perceived competence and satisfaction. Journal of Sport Exercise  Psychology 20, pp.280-299. Aronson, E. (1995) The Social Animal. New York: Freeman. BPS (1993) Code of Conduct, Ethical Principles and Guidelines. Leicester: British  Psychological Society. Coolican, H. (1994) Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. London: Hodder   Stoughton. Cumming, S.P. (2002) A bio-psychosocial investigation of self-determined  motivation in recreational and travel youth soccer programs. Dissertation  Abstracts International: Section A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 63 (5-A), 1765. Eagly, A.H. Chaiken, S. (1993) The Psychology of Attitudes. Fort Worth, TX:  Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Field, A. (2002) Discovering Statistics using SPSS for Windows. London: Sage. Guivernau-Rojas, M. (2001) The impact of motivational and moral variables on  aggressive tendencies in sport. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section  A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 62 (6-B), 2990. Lane, A.M., Rodger, J.S.E. Karageorghis, C.L. (1997) Antecedents of state anxiety  in rugby. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 84, pp.427-433. Lui, L. Standing, L.G. (1989) Communicator credibility: trustworthiness defeats  expertness. Social Behaviour Personality. 17, pp. 219-221. Mavi, H.F. (2004) The relationship among dispositional, contextual variables, and  intrinsic motivation in high school teams sports. Dissertation Abstracts  International: Section A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 65 (3-A), 876. Norman, R. (1976) When what is said is important: a comparison of expert and  attractive sources. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 12, pp.294-300. Pornpitakpan, C. (2004) The persuasiveness of source credibility: a critical review of  five decades’ evidence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 34, pp.243-281. UK Rugby Football Union (2006) Play [online] RFU Official Site,  http://www.community-rugby.com/communityrugby/index.cfm/Fuseaction/Home.Home/StoryTypeId/98/SectionId/575.cfm [Accessed 31 July 2006] USA Rugby Football Union (2006) USA Rugby [online] Rugby Channel,  http://www.usarugby.org/collegiate/manage/gameDayChecklist.html  [Accessed 1 August 2006]. Tammen, V.V. (1997) Coach and athlete goal orientations: congruence of orientations  and affects on athlete satisfaction and commitment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section A:- Humanities and Social Sciences. 57 (11-A), 4687. Footnotes [1] UK Rugby Football Union [2] USA Rugby Football Union

Cause and Effect Essay - Factory Farms Cause Sickness and Pollution

Cause and Effect Essay - Factory Farms Cause Sickness and Pollution There is little doubt that animals raised on small-scale diverse farms are apt to be healthier. When allowed to range freely, particularly in organically maintained yards and pastures, they receive more exercise, their diet is more varied and they are exposed to commensal bacteria that help exclude, and build resistance to, harmful pathogens. Some organic practitioners also argue that free-ranging animals actively seek out plants with medicinal properties that can build their resistance to illness, When Livestock production is carried out on a scale that suits the global market, however, huge numbers of animals are kept in tightly confined conditions, and the potential for disease outbreaks is much higher.. The important considerations of animal welfare aside, these methods lead to the rampant use of antibiotics, which poses a significant health risk, not only for the livestock, but for consumers as well, since antibiotic residues can remain in meat and milk. Roughly half the 25,000 tonnes of antibiotics produced in the United States are used in the raising of animals for human consumption. There are other reasons for concern about the overuse of antibiotics in giant livestock operations. Some 40 to 80 percent of the antibiotics used in farming are thought to be unnecessary even under factory conditions, as 80 percent of their use is as a preventative measure and for growth promotion. Overuse has already rendered some drugs ineffective and may even make some strains of bacteria untreatable. According to the Public Health Laboratory Service in Britain, a new strain of salmonella that first appeared in the United Kingdom in 1990 is re... ...rom practices all too common among industrial pig operations: transporting animals in contaminated vehicles and feeding them waste food containing infected meat. Problems like these are an inherent part of a food system that is so large that companies can increase their profits by millions of dollars simply by saving a few cents on each animal ¹s feed, or by using chemicals or processing methods that reduce costs by a fraction of a percent. We all want safe, healthy food, but we cannot rely on the global food system to provide it. The corporate food chain has grown so long and the distance between producers and consumers so vast that no one can really know how their food was grown, how it was processed, and how it was treated during its long travels. Only by localising and reducing the scale of our food systems can we once again trust the food we eat.

anthem :: essays research papers

In the end of "Anthem", Prometheus comes to the realization that his society's teachings and ideas were not helpful in advancement to the society. Ideas like individuality, that the society tried to squash out of its people, is beneficial to the society as a whole because men are meant to think for themselves. In the book Prometheus made the light bulb back when he was in the society, but once he showed it to the World Council, they but him in jail. After this incidence he realized that no matter what brilliant things he invents, it will never be something that particular society can use. At first he is confused, but realizing that he was acting like an individual made him see that maybe society is the evil one and he is the good one. All of this made him realize that maybe he is not meant for this, and he is thrown out into the uncharted territory. He learns that men are meant to think for themselves, and that if they do society will become more advanced and they wil l be able to move forward instead of staying at the same spot forever. This is how he realizes his "sins" were actually good and that men are supposed to think for themselves. In Prometheus's society, being an individual is considered a "sin", but as events occur Prometheus begins to comprehend that being an individual is the way men are supposed to think. In the beginning of the book, he has a name like everyone else, and like everyone else he is living in a world that thrives off fear. Everyone is afraid to think, act, or be different from the rest, because as society has taught them being different and an individual is a "sin". As he began to grow up, he noticed that he was somewhat different from the rest of the people. He disliked many things such as the way society made people mate because he thought this was despicable and grotesque. The more he began to grow up he was becoming more of an individual and this scared him, he even began to see himself as an evil person. When he started to play around with science and began inventing things like the light bulb, this scared him but then he reasoned that maybe even though he was a cting as an individual the council would let it go because it was such a remarkable invention. anthem :: essays research papers In the end of "Anthem", Prometheus comes to the realization that his society's teachings and ideas were not helpful in advancement to the society. Ideas like individuality, that the society tried to squash out of its people, is beneficial to the society as a whole because men are meant to think for themselves. In the book Prometheus made the light bulb back when he was in the society, but once he showed it to the World Council, they but him in jail. After this incidence he realized that no matter what brilliant things he invents, it will never be something that particular society can use. At first he is confused, but realizing that he was acting like an individual made him see that maybe society is the evil one and he is the good one. All of this made him realize that maybe he is not meant for this, and he is thrown out into the uncharted territory. He learns that men are meant to think for themselves, and that if they do society will become more advanced and they wil l be able to move forward instead of staying at the same spot forever. This is how he realizes his "sins" were actually good and that men are supposed to think for themselves. In Prometheus's society, being an individual is considered a "sin", but as events occur Prometheus begins to comprehend that being an individual is the way men are supposed to think. In the beginning of the book, he has a name like everyone else, and like everyone else he is living in a world that thrives off fear. Everyone is afraid to think, act, or be different from the rest, because as society has taught them being different and an individual is a "sin". As he began to grow up, he noticed that he was somewhat different from the rest of the people. He disliked many things such as the way society made people mate because he thought this was despicable and grotesque. The more he began to grow up he was becoming more of an individual and this scared him, he even began to see himself as an evil person. When he started to play around with science and began inventing things like the light bulb, this scared him but then he reasoned that maybe even though he was a cting as an individual the council would let it go because it was such a remarkable invention.

Education Systems Around the World Essay

The United States excels in the creative aspect of schooling whereas Chinese students are much better at receiving direct instruction. Japanese students have very high test scores and a very high university attendance, but in Australia more students go into vocational schools or the workforce after high school. (Noel 99,102,103)The differences of education systems in the United States, China, Japan and Australia have created testable strengths and weaknesses. No country has found a perfect balance but each system has evolved to create workers suited to its respective nation. The United States is predominantly influenced by creativity but not as strongly in math and science. Expansions upon creative thought have brought in new products introduced to the market. (Noel, 36) In U. S. President Barack Obama’s State of the Union Address, Obama emphasizes the importance of specialized creative schools and additional funding of the arts in K-12 public schools, which was spelled out in his the â€Å"Reinvestment of Arts Education† Plan. Obama states, â€Å"The first step in winning the future is encouraging American innovation. None of us can predict with certainty what the next big industry will be or where the new jobs will come from. Thirty years ago, we couldn’t know that something called the internet would lead to an economic revolution. What we can do –– what America does better than anyone else –– is spark the creativity and imagination of our people. But if we want to win the future then we also have to win the race to educate our kids†¦ And so the question is whether all of us –– as citizens, and as parents –– are willing to do what’s necessary to give every child a chance to succeed. † (Noel, 65) The U.S. President sees the specialization, the pronounced freedom of creativity that America has been able to maintain for many years and how they have benefitted from it. The promotion of this frame of mind will allow ideas to surge and new technologies continue to be made. Although America is pleased with all this innovation, the United States consistently test low in both math and science compared to other nations. Notable author, Douglas Noel reports that the average scores of American students in international comparisons have â€Å"†¦often been below the average of developed countries. It the OECD’s Program for International Student Assessment 2003, 15 year olds ranked 24th of 38 in mathematics, 19th of 38 in science, 12th of 38 in reading, and 26th of 38 in problem solving. † (Noel 80, 81, 82) With the majority of American students so far behind it is cause for concern as to whether the U. S. will continue to falter and what impact it will have on the future. Part of the problem with high schools is that with such a large country it is going to be that much more difficult to maintain a moderate academic curriculum. This problem was attempted to be solved with the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act but it is still inconclusive whether it is effective or not. (Noel, pp. 70) Dr. Schmidt, who oversees the research effort into the TIMSS results, says the actual cause for the failures appears to be weak math and science curricula in U. S. middle schools. He explains, â€Å"The public schools lack focus; instead of concentrating on education, they dabble in social re-engineering†. Not only are public schools the general blame but so are the curricula, the teacher and even the textbooks. But there is some good news; despite the â€Å"bad grades† in comparison to the world the United States makes up for their low-testing high schools with 19 of the top 25 universities in the world. People from around the world come to American Universities to become some of the most influential thinkers in the world. The immigration of intelligent people in the form of students from various other countries is, said by Bill Gates, to be â€Å"†¦our most powerful import. † (Noel 4, 5, 10, 77, 80) Although the United States lacks in math and science it is gung-ho in innovative fields, we see the complete opposite pros and cons experienced in China. The education foundation in China has been reformed since the rise of Deng Xiaoping (1978-89) and made significant progress; however, the large population of China produces great promise as well as great concern. (Chinese Education & Society) Since the end of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), the education system in China has been geared toward economic modernization. The Great Leap Forward (1958–60) and the Socialist Education Movement (1962–65) sought to end deeply rooted academic elitism, to narrow social and cultural gaps between workers and peasants and between urban and rural populations, and to â€Å"rectify† the tendency of scholars and intellectuals to disdain manual labor. During the Cultural Revolution, universal fostering of social equality was an overriding priority. The post-Mao Zedong Chinese Communist Party leadership viewed education as the foundation of China. The reorientation of educational priorities paralleled Deng Xiaoping’s strategy for economic development. For this reason the Central Government has prioritized basic education as a key field of infrastructure construction and educational development. (Zhang) The Chinese government’s aim for the development of China’s basic education system was to approach or attain the level of moderately-developed countries by 2010, of which has been accomplished. Chinese higher education has continued to evolve. Since the late 1980s, tremendous economic development in China has stimulated reforms in higher education that have resulted in remarkable improvements. (Chinese Education and Society) The UNESCO world higher education report of June 2003 pointed out that the student population of China’s schools of higher learning had doubled in a very short period of time and had become the world’s largest. (Agelasto) In the beginning of the Enlightenment period, European science began to explode with new inventions and ideas. By this time, China had already invented the first compass, printing press and use of gunpowder (which were used for fireworks). (Chinese Education & Society) Today, there is not much to be said in terms of new technology in China. Much of the new tech now comes from the United States and Japan. (Noel, 3) Nonetheless, China does have the advantage (and disadvantage) of an enormous population. Innovative ideas and technology have not been prominent in China’s recent years. (Agelasto) With a population of over one billion people, China needs to find a way to bridge the productivity gap between emerging markets and the developed world; to truly transform themselves into innovative, energetic economies. Professor Xu Jialu, director of the College of Chinese. Language and Culture at Beijing University, told a meeting of university presidents in Hong Kong that China had achieved great success over the past 30 years. Jialu states, â€Å"Our overall economic output, which is fundamental to social advancement, is already ranked third in the world,† he said, â€Å"However, to sustain this extraordinary economic growth, China needs to nurture huge additional numbers of creative and talented people to maintain economic proficiency. † (Xue) China’s history and economy are what have shaped their education systems. China has transcended itself from a richly inventive, educated society to a Communist standard of economic modernization. Now that they have achieved an ideal economy, education will most likely be reformed again to the forefront; just as the tiny island to their East has done – Japan. Japan marvels its education prowess but has Japanese students stressing to meet high standards. Without including the devastating effects of the recent Earthquake-Tsunami incident that occurred in the spring of 2011, Japan has maintained extraordinarily high test results while enjoying a technologically advanced society. Japan continuously ranks the top 5 in international test scores. (Noel, 88) The test scores remain high because their primary and secondary schooling is decidedly efficient. As of 2005, more than 2. 8 million students were enrolled in 726 universities. (Gainey) The influx of students is explained through the emphasis on the importance of University level instruction. The Japanese workforce is now better equipped to manage career-related problems that require higher thought. As with all good things, the advancements have come at a great cost. In Japan, suicide is the leading cause of death among men aged 20-44 and women 15-34. Suicide in Japan is also somewhat romanticized as a traditional way of preserving one’s honor and avoiding shame. (Noel, 76) The National Police Agency informs that suicides in Japan topped 30,000 for the ninth consecutive year in 2006. In their suicide notes, 91 of them mentioned problems at school, an increase of 28. 2 percent from 2005 — the largest number since 1998 when the survey of this category began. (Gainey) With or without suicide notes, police attributed school-related problems to 242 suicides, nine more than in 2005. (Gainey) For many children, school has become a stressful environment to survive in. The social pressures to succeed help many students to succeed but the pressure is too much for others. Many countries strive for educational excellence whereas countries such as Australia are of a more relaxed nature. The educational system in Australia is a radical contrast to its Asian counterparts. Rather than attending a university, vocational training has become the beacon of education for students in Australia. Schooling beyond vocational training is difficult, costly and highly ostracized. (Horin) The training for vocational jobs requires less education than four year degree programs. They are also significantly less expensive – less than half of the cost of any of their Universities. Aussie student enrollment in a bachelor’s degree program spiked at 27% in 2010 while vocational enrollment maintains a continuous rise from 31% in 2000 to 35% in 2010. (Australia’s Guide to Education) This continuous incline of vocational training communicates the direction of progression of Australia’s youth, where the requirement of a bachelor’s degree appears to be unneeded in their society. Unfortunately, reports of low standards of education are on par with uneducated societies. 25% of Australian students do not complete grade 12 in Australia compared to 20 percent in the other 18 comparable countries such as Canada, Ireland, Austria, and Iceland. Scholastic apathy is hurting their workforce because considering the frequency in the number of high school drop outs every year they will see the rise of a serious problem emerging. The students that leave go to find jobs only to find more and more being taken by their fellow dropout colleagues. (Horin)Whether or not Australia is moving to make changes is unclear but once the dip shows itself evermore significant there will likely be public intervention which would be either expand the Australian job market or find a way to keep their students in the classrooms. We see that each country holds its own scholastic emphasis. The United States imports some of the best thinkers in the entire world. As China’s economy rises, its large population of workers stays busy generating revenue to invest more into education for the future. Japan has ranked the elite in scores by making education top priority. Australia currently enjoys significantly fewer educational burdens without much consequence in getting a job. Whether it is the progression of creative thought or early-on vocational training all these countries have their own specific sets of academic values specifically designed to best suit their current endeavors. Works Cited Agelasto, Michael. Higher Education in Post-Mao China. Hong Kong University Press, 1998. ISBN 9622094503. Print. 1 October, 2011. The quality of Chinese education and its advantages and disadvantages in economic prowess and student development. 2. â€Å"Educational Systems in Australia. † Australia’s Guide to Education. Nov. 2006. Web. 25 Sept. 2011. . Includes primary and secondary education in Australia and comparative statistics in contrast to other countries such as the United States. Also talks about vocational training programs. 3. Gainey, Peter. â€Å"The Japanese Education System: Globalisation and International Education. † Advanced Placement Source. EBSCO, Sept. 2002. Publication. 1 Oct. 2011. An overview of Japan’s education system and the impact on its students. Specifies the difficulties of secondary education and above. Horin, Adele. â€Å"Must try harder: Australia’s inequitable education system. † Sydney Morning Herald, The 02 Dec. 2006: 31. Newspaper Source Plus. EBSCO. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. An investigation of Australia’s education system which focuses on the lack of quality of education, including vocational school and international education/vocational training quality. 5. Noel, Douglas. Impact of Social Reform and Education on Sociological Development: a Comparison Of Education Systems Around the World. [S. l. ]: Xlibris, 2010. Print. 25 Sept. 2011. Compares education systems in every major country. Gives insight to literacy statistics, test scores and controversy. Asserts the notion of â€Å"better† or â€Å"needs improvement† comparisons against some countries, the United States, being one of low ratings. 6. â€Å"Various Documents Related to Chinese Education. † Chinese Education & Society 39, no. 6 (November 2006): 45-66. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost. Database. 25 Sept. 2011. The history of education in China. Over the years, China has had to reform its education system many times due to emperor dynasties, the Japanese invasion of Nanjing and the Communist Revolution. Even in the present many changes are being made. 7. Xue, Xing Hua Da. â€Å"Chinese Education & Society. † Education Research Complete. EBSCO, Nov. 2006. Article publication. 25 Sept. 2011. Chinese education and how it statistically compares to other countries such as the United States and Japan. It also relates to Chinese student frustrations in academic curriculum. Zhang, Yu. â€Å"Private Education in China: Issues and Prospects† Perspectives, Volume 4, No. 4, Dec. 31, 2003. Print. 25, Sept. 2011. The history of China and their education system from Communist China to present day and informs readers its current position in the world economy as a reliable result of Deng Xiopeng’s reformation.

Allowance Essay

â€Å"Please Dad, Can I? † â€Å"No, you can’t. † That is the answer of most parents, when asked by their child if he can have an allowance. Parents believe that allowance makes a child unappreciated money. The truth however, is the opposite. Allowance helps the child turn into a financially secure adult by teaching him money management. Also, because it is their own money, children will feel independent and important. Finally, allowances teach kids that to earn money and succeed as an adult, one has to work hard and be responsible. Parents should give children allowances to help the child prepare for the future. Every parent wants their child to grow up, and become more successful than they were. To do this, the child has to learn to manage money properly, especially nowadays since swiping a card is all it takes to bankrupt oneself. Starting an allowance system will help a young person manage money better. If a child uses up their money for immediate gratification instead of saving it, they might regret it later because they cannot afford something. By learning to save up money the child will be learning to prepare for the future. Allowance help kids learn that spending your own money is different than spending someone else’s. For the same reason, children with allowances can grow up to be independent adults. Because it is their own money they are spending, children will not have to rely on their parents all the time. Instead of asking their parents – which is annoying and even degrading for the child, and irritating for the parents – they are able to use their own money. This makes the child feel important and helps increase their self esteem. When an adult, the child will not borrow too much money from banks or people and obtain a large debt. Instead, the person will learn responsibility and use the money he himself owns. Which leads us to our third reason: allowances teach responsibility and hard work. By earning ones allowance by doing chores and work around the house, a child understands that money does not grow on trees; instead one has to work for it. As an adult this person would work hard at his job to get money. Additionally, the money will not be wasted on unnecessary items because the child knows that there is a limited source. So as one can see, contrary to popular belief, allowances actually make kids appreciate money. For that reason, allowances help children become responsible, independent, and financially secure adults. Essay Topic: Allowances By: Tarim Shahab September 17, 2008 Mrs. de Mestral 7/8-3