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Monday, September 30, 2019
A Citizen’s Guide to American Ideology: Conservatism and Liberalism in Contemporary Politics Essay
Conservatism is political belief based on social stability and tradition, emphasizing established institutions and having a preference on a gradual development to an abrupt change (Marietta 23). In conservative theories, they aim to preserve and restore, stressing continuity and stability, limit to change, restricted government guidelines of business and strong national defenses (Para 3). Conservatism so to speak is political morality. Conservative political drives have been productive as they have unified people of different opinions on the basis of shared goals (Mannheim 41).It is not possible to find the successes of conservatism in a big government but through individual achievement and freedom! According to O’hara, conservative ideology is mirrored through family values, decent parenting at home and what can be achieved when the government ceases to interfere (52). For instance, set of grandparents living their years without debt with their families leading a simple but self-governing life and out of trouble that’s a conservative success. When a small business opens up, with owners working hard and selling authentic products and excellent service, then gradually expanding step by step then becoming a big business organization†¦that is a conservative success story. If you see a soldier risking his life to protect the inhabitants of a dangerous area and receiving no recognition, that is conser vative values in action (Cecil 23). Conservative form of leadership is the best, as it grows people to take responsibility for their actions, health, education and family the success is revealed in the glory and accomplishments of the individual and not in the credit and achievement of legislation that will promise some things that one should earn on their own. In Canada, the Harper government has offered positive differences to the people of Canada and the world in general. It has offered tax relief with a 2% decrease to 5% in goods and services tax (GST), has assisted working families by lowering income taxes, has lowered small business and corporate taxes and has introduced the universal child care benefit that has given families real choices in child care (Gottfried 45). The harper government has also taken action by offering a special tax credits which has assisted in paying for children’s fitness programme, in regard to Crime and Justice, it has improved with strong new laws and punishments that fit the crime. The Tackling Violent Crime Act has ensured that criminals who get jail condemnations pay their dues to the society. According to Gottfried, corporations and unions have been banned from contributing to politics (66); the amount that an individual can donate has been reduced to between $5,000 and $1,100 per year. There has also been investment in the Canadian Forces who strive to protect the country and its citizens by providing insurance for the personnel, while increasing sustenance for those who experience injury and illness in the line of duty. Canada signed the Copenhagen According, an agreement among developing and developed nations to decrease the worldwide level of air pollution ( Viereck and Claus 33). In America, during the president George W. Bush conservative administration, they never accepted corruption in office and rejected the state ordering people how they should lead their lives. In 2007 President Bush lifted the strategy for the war in Iraq from forced safeguarding to population security (Marrieta 54). In 2002, President Bush fronted the â€Å"housing first†strategy to reduce homelessness this worked and the number of homeless people decreased by 30 percent between 2005 and 2007. For the time being, serious crimes levels declined rapidly since 1993, when the country began to embrace conservative tough on crime policies. According to Marrieta, he addressed nationwide poverty, increased financial aid to developing countries and assisted in alleviating AIDS in Africa (67). In 2003 November third, he facilitated enactment of The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act. According to Viereck and Claus Australia’s main achievements of the Menzies, Holt, Gorton and McMahon conservative governments included high living standards for Australians; increased ratio of home owners, progress in industry, free medical treatment for seniors and the homeless, introduced homes for the aged, established Commonwealth Scholarships as means of introducing aid to all schools, increased work force and introduction of family allowance (71). The Howard government’s policies enabled the provision of low rates of interest, lower taxation and increased economic growth; Australian domestic students by allowing them to invest in their own education, increased total revenue for higher education institutions from $8.6 billion in 1997 to $16.8 billion in 2007( O’hara 46) Conclusion The principles of conservatism are all-encompassing as they are founded on what men and women have learned through involvement in a dozen generations. With all the experience of the past and present, conservative future is still going to continue working as the task will not be to sell a philosophy, but to make the citizens, who already believe in the philosophy, see that modern conservatism offers us a political home (Marietta 27).From above it evident that conservatism prevents movement backward and downward and towards forward and upward away from chaotic darkness and primitive state, a philosophy that world nations should adopt for better and brighter futures. References Marietta, Morgan. A Citizen’s Guide to American Ideology: Conservatism and Liberalism in Contemporary Politics. New York: Routledge, 2012. Print. Viereck, Peter, and Claes G. Ryn. Conservatism Revisited: The Revolt against Ideology. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2005. Print. Gottfried, Paul. Conservatism in America: Making Sense of the American Right. New York: Palgrave, 2007. Print. Mannheim, Karl. Conservatism. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2013. Internet resource.O’Hara, Kieron. Conservatism. London: Reaktion Books, 2011. Internet resource.Berkowitz, Peter. Varieties of Conservatism in America. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Institution Press, 2004. Print. Gord, Walker.A conservative Canada. Santa Barbara, Calif: Paget Press, 1983. Source document
Comparing and Contrasting Tragic Heroes †Oedipus and Prufrock Essay
Introduction: Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (1896 –1940) the Irish American novelist and short story writer of the twentieth century said â€Å"Show me a hero and I will write you a tragedy†(as quoted in memorablequotations.com). Indeed more often than not, great tragedies of yore were always centered round the deeds or the misdeeds of a hero (usually a man of noble birth) his misfortunes and the cursed nature of his life, fated to suffer and fall from glory. The concepts of heroes and heroism have themselves undergone vast changes from Sophocles’ (496-406 B.C) times. Consequently, the idea of hero-based tragedy indeed, even the basic traits of heroism has undergone transformation. As against the noble-born, valorous hero of Sophocles and Aristotle (in The Poetics of 30 B. C.), the common man who struggles to make a decent living, and fulfill ordinary aspirations such as wanting to be loved, given affection, loyalty, friendship etc, in a mundane, mechanized, and mad-after-money world (bereft of human values) – his life has become the focus of the twentieth century tragedies. This essay, shall take two characters, Oedipus – the King (425 B.C), in the ancient drama of Sophocles, and J. Alfred Prufrock, in the twentieth century poet T.S. Eliot’s (1888 –1965) â€Å"Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock†(1915), and analyze their similarities and dissimilarities, with a brief definition of Tragic Hero as given by Sophocles, and the definition of a Tragic Hero in modern times. Definitions with illustrations of Tragic Heroes – Ancient and Twentieth Century: First, the idea of a tragic hero, in the ancient times shall be discussed.  Aristotle, who was a great Greek philosopher and thinker, stipulated a couple of traits as absolutely necessary for a tragic hero: he must be noble origin, or at least possess a noble spirit, and he must be the cause of his own suffering. Aristotle (384-322 B.C), quoting the character of Oedipus depicted by Sophocles, laid down certain rules that a tragic hero must possess: a leader who is filled with good and bad elements – Oedipus was of noble birth and had many noble characters like wanting redeem his kingdom from the plague, but he also was too proud etc; he is ignorant of his imminent fall, though the audience have prior knowledge of it – in case of Oedipus the audience had prior knowledge of his birth and identity, while he considers himself the son of Polybus, the king of Corinth; his inherent flaw or â€Å"hamartia†is the cause of his fall – his belief that he can over come the prophecy that he will kill his father; suffers isolation because of this – self-exile from Corinth; suffering is irreversible – the blinding he causes to himself later; undergoes punishment because of his own pride or â€Å"hubris†– Oedipus pursues the killer of King Laius, despite counsel against it; a misguided sense of heroism, wherein he is prepared to take on the guilt of the state or kingdom on himself – his belief that he can somehow overcome the prophecy of the oracle by leaving his parents; resulting in greater conflict with fate – Oedipus finally goes to Thebes and killed his own father, without knowing who the latter was, thereby fulfilling the oracle; a restoration of balance to the original state of social harmony through cleansing of pity and fear – Oedipus undertakes to go away in exile which was the punishment he had ordered for the killer of the previous king handing over the kingdom to Creon; which he called â€Å"catharsis†or â€Å"tragic satisfaction†(adapted from Allingham, 2002:1). Thus Oedipus exactly fits the role with of a tragic hero, as laid down by Aristotle. Coming to modern tragic hero of the twentieth century, as mentioned earlier, has come a long way from the stipulations of the ancients for tragic-heroism. Daniel J. Boorstin (1914 –2004), an American writer, and the Librarian of Congress, talks of the heroes of the modern world as being â€Å"anonymous†and â€Å"the unsung hero: †¦ the honest cop, the hard worker at lonely, underpaid, unglamorous, unpublicized jobs†(as in memorablequotations.com). A modern tragic hero may described as someone who does not hold any of the ancient lofty ideals, rather as an ordinary man who is disillusioned with the ruthless world around him and is not able to come to terms with it and suffers thereby with a feeling of helplessness, and is unable to realize his full potential because of this. Typically, he is subjected to moods, driven by extreme happiness or plunged into extreme sorrow, very sophisticated, filled with doubts, lives in the crowded cities yet suffers desperately from isolation, smart yet sensitive, and often disillusioned to such an extent that he feels life itself has lost all meaning or relevance to him. Eliot’s Prufrock, typically suffers all these qualities. For example, he is always filled with self-doubt, â€Å"a deep phobia of life, turning into what one could perhaps best describe as complete biological defeatism†(Mirsky, undated). He seems to be the very best representation of so many negative attributes, like procrastination, indecision, doubts, frustration that reflects the impotent helplessness of the modern, urban man. The first few lines in the poem are from Dante’s Inferno, which is used as a prelude, to show that Prufrock, the protagonist is already doomed and is voicing out his thoughts because he is so sure that no-one is hearing them. The poem describes the innermost feelings, extremely tortured with a wanting, to disclose his love to his chosen woman, but prevented from self-doubt, and fear, phobia, â€Å"Do I dare / Disturb the universe?†(Eliot, lines 44-45), because he only knew too well the out come of such expression â€Å"That is not what I meant at all†(Eliot, line 97). The vivid description of the places, possibly his dwelling place, reflects the sordid state in which the typical twentieth century man lived, and the isolation he felt â€Å"of lonely men in shirt-sleeves†(Eliot, line 73). Eliot’s Prufrock, ultimately fails even to begin his proposal to his lady love, because he could not muster the courage to do it, with a premonition of failure overcoming him and, grows old, suffering life-long loneliness. In a sense this defeatism, is his flaw that proves to be the cause of his woes. He claims that he is not â€Å"Prince Hamlet†(Eliot, line 111), referring to the Shakespearean tragic hero, implying his lack of royal lineage, but the irony is that he is, in fact exactly like Hamlet, who by postponing his decision avenge his father’s death, by killing kill Claudius, leads to the death of many others, and finally his own. All this prove that, he does conform to the image of a twentieth century tragic-hero. Comparing and Contrasting, the two tragic heroes: One similarity between the two characters that strikes a literature student immediately is that, both Oedipus and Prufrock, actually are depicted as surviving long into old age, despite all their sadness and failures and disillusionment. Almost as if to chew cud, ruminate all that had gone by and to die a slow painful death of their miserable actions; misguided in Oedipus’ case, â€Å"Woe, woe, and woe again! / How through my soul there darts the sting of pain, / The memory of my crimes†(Sophocles, lines 1372-74) and inactions in the case of Prufrock, â€Å"I grow old†(Eliot, line 120). Both, ultimately realize their folly, or flaw, but are helpless to reverse the situation. In Prufrock’s case, he is entirely the cause of his own suffering, but still is impotent to change the situation. Both despise themselves for their helplessness. Thus, their sufferings seem amplified and add to the brooding quality of their tragic lives. Both are isolated and are despised by the world, in their thinking. Prufrock states that he doesn’t think that the mermaids will sing to him; Oedipus begs to be led away hurriedly, being the most polluted of all, and â€Å"Of all men most accursed†(Sophocles, line1396). Though the two characters share the above stated common traits and both are tragic heroes, there are quite a few dissimilarities too. The first difference is the form of portrayal of the tragic heroes. Oedipus is the hero of the dramatic form, and hence his character is more clear and open to study, presenting a fuller picture of all his characteristic traits and complex behavior. Prufrock, on the other hand is neither a king, nor of noble thinking, and he is the tragic hero in a poem. Implicitly, the shortage of space in a poem puts limitations on extensive character portrayal of the hero. Thus, the student is able to study only a portion of the character’s life-span of Prufrock, in contrast to the full life history of Oedipus. The other most striking contrast is that Oedipus is an ancient tragic hero – actively upholding the principles of high idealism, altruism, justice, and valor while being beleaguered by feelings of jealousy, treachery, disloyalty, dishonor, greed, lust for power etc, the modern, tragic-hero is more of an anti-hero, and impotent. In the sense, he is so defeated by the power of the dull, uninspiring world around him, that he prefers to rather remain inactive, than to actively try to change his situation and be defeated. It is almost as if the uselessness of the attempts of the ancient tragic heroes have been embedded in the collective psyche of the modern tragic hero, and hence, he is already aware of the outcome, he doesn’t even want to attempt. Oedipus not being aware of his true identity, led him to wrongly believe that Polybus was his father, and thereafter his vow never to return to Corinth. But still he, as the mark of a true hero took an action of self-exile which ultimately led to fructify the designs of fate. Nevertheless, he was action-oriented and defeated. Whereas, the modern tragic hero in Prufrock, is so much a pessimist, that he remains defeated with inaction – by sheer preference. In fact, it is said that T.S. Eliot was reflecting on the dismal conditions of the world surrounding him, and this poem partially paved the way for his other later works like The Wasteland (1922). The differing time-periods of the two characters have resulted in the portrayal of the different societies in which these two heroes lived. For example, the people of the land of Thebes have been represented as the Chorus, and they are actively involved in the happenings of the state, the king and the welfare of the state, showing a healthy environment; whereas, the desolate depiction of the twentieth century environment, in Eliot’s poem is more dismal, and uninspiring. It seems the society as a common force had died out, or at least not visible. Conclusion: The tragic heroes Oedipus and Prufrock belong to totally different ages; consequently, present entirely different set of traits and ideals by which they are depicted. While both the heroes have some aspects common to all tragedies, they also display very contrasting traits which make their study, all the more interesting. However, both are symbols of negative impact that afflict the state, ancient and the twentieth century.                                                    List of readings and works cited The sources on which this essay is based on are: Eliot, T.S. (1888–1965).†The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†in Prufrock and Other Observations.  1917. On line edition Published May 1996 by Bartleby.com  Web address http://www.bartleby.com/198/1.html Accessed on June 12, 2006. Sophocles. Oedipus the King, translated by E. H. Plumptre. Vol. VIII, Part 5. The Harvard Classics. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1909–14; Bartleby.com, 2001.            Website address and  http://www.bartleby.com/8/5/3.html Accessed on June 12, 2006. Other works cited and readings that have helped in gaining a better understanding towards writing this essay are: Allingham, V, Philip. 2002. â€Å"Aristotelian Tragedy and the Novels of Thomas Hardy†in The Victorian Web. Website: Accessed on June 12, 2006. McCoy, Kathleen., & Harlan, Judith. (1992). ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM 1785 (New            York: HarperCollins, 1992: 265-66) Web site address:            < http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/English151W-03/prufrock.htm>            Accessed on June 12, 2006. memorablequotations.com (2005). â€Å"Memorable Quotations: Heroes†website address Accessed on June 12, 2006. Mirsky, D.S. Undated.  â€Å"T. S. Eliot and The End of Bourgeois Poetry†trans. by Gunnar Jauch, Annelie Hultà ©n, and Arwin van Arum. Website address Accessed on June 12, 2006.    Â
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Germany Before 1848
Before 1848 Germany DBQ The political, economical, and social order of the Germanic states in the nineteenth century was in a state of chaos and disarray. Politically, the states had the desire of becoming unified and had the possibility to do so if it had not been for fear and neglect to follow through. Economically, the states were in a time of hardships with poor growth development in the fields and were also going through the time of the Industrial Revolution with changes to their everyday lives. Socially, the Germanic states were divided into a feudal system that was determined by birth status and wealth.The middle class, made up of scholars and students, and aristocracy had shared the same fear of the commoners’ revolt due to the political failure in attempt to unify the Germanic states, and had wanted to maintain their rights as well as becoming unified without giving the lower class any more power. The economic structure was poor and resulted with unemployment and high er food prices, which enabled the peasants to be outraged in anger towards the government for lack of action to make the necessary changes causing them to revolt in hopes of more stability financially while also desiring a unification of the German states.The middle class of the Germanic states were educated persons with an interest on their society. Politically, they were concerned about the development of unity between the states. Some questioned what was so difficult about this unification, such as the professor Ernst Moritz Anndt whom had also written poetry on the matter n the mindset that a Father land or a single body would be the best way to be (doc. 1). Others were in high hopes that the unification would take place as soon as possible with faith in the armies and nobility to do so.One of these individuals was Goerres who was excited about this notion as clearly portrayed in his pamphlet in 1819 that a republican constitution was underway (doc. 2). Economically, the middle class was concerned with how the lower class would deal with the current hardships from the crop failure. An economist Fredrick List was one that was concerned with the health of the lower class and the availability of bread in his pamphlet in 1834 describing how the body would deal with the poor health in which they were receiving (doc. ). Others took less concern with the lower class situation and were in a state of new inventions and discovering which had created confusion. Riegel was a book seller who had written an essay discussing the economic changes that the Germanic states were going through and how they would possibly cope with these changes (doc. 6). The middle class was sufficient with their social status where they did not have to pay taxes. They also did not want the lower class to receive more power than they deserved.The middle class believed that the actions of the lower class were not deserving of more power due to their actions such as the riots depicted in Prussi a (doc. 9). The middle class was experiencing the changes along with the aristocracy. The aristocracy had many of the same views and opinions as the middle class. They lived in fear of the revolt of the lower class. They however needed the courage to fight for politically they too wanted unification with dependency on the princes and soldiers (doc. ). Economically, aristocracy had money in a time where most did not. They survived in better comfort than most but still managed to struggle when it came to providing for family members. In a women’s perspective, the labor of spinning wool was endless with little compensation due to the fact that they were still required to pay taxes and rent to the government and landowners (doc. 7). The aristocracy found this to be an issue that was to be fixed by the king, for it was his responsibility.However, they still believed everyone should be in high spirits and have good attitudes, because if the economy is weak but the public is strong it depicts overall power of the states (doc. 10). Aristocracy was socially towards the top of the feudal system and looked down on all others below. The lower class was surviving in anger towards the governmental state before the revolutions in 1848. They were experiencing many struggles in which made it difficult for survival without necessary changes of the king.The commoners were emotionally a wreck and the economy was so poor that they would potentially do anything for food alone. During the bread distribution in Stettin in 1847, lower class citizens were tumbling over one another, pushing and fighting just to get a piece or loaf of bread to feed their families (doc. 9) which simply goes to show lack of organization and a deeper need for change in order to provide these citizens better economic stature. Socially, the commoners were miserable at the bottom of the social classes with little possessions and higher prices.Some people revolted and others wrote down their anger as see n through a hateful pamphlet in disgust of the work of the princes and governmental confidence to make changes (doc. 11) found in 1847. The lower class revolted in anger of the government because of their situations they were dealing with at home and the lack of acknowledgement from the government aside from taking the only money they had in their pockets, but essentially these actions did little to their overall aspirations of achieving recognition and better rights.Despite the poor political, economic, and social order of the Germanic states before 1848, they still attained potential to change and become a unified nation. The political issue of becoming unified was spoken by the middle class, aristocracy, and commoners all in view that there should and potentially could be done. Economically, there was little to be done and socially the classes remained the same with equivalent powers as the start of the time period. The feelings and actions of the classes were in response to thei r individual status and power.
Friday, September 27, 2019
Virtue ethics vs. utilitarianism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Virtue ethics vs. utilitarianism - Term Paper Example It is an ethical dilemma, to identify which of the two is ethical; being unkind or lying. On the other hand it is also complex if it is ethical or unethical for an individual to steal from the rich with an aim of helping the poor. Ethics is both what an individual studies and thinks or the code that an individual follows and lives in that direction. In this paper I will argue that utilitarianism is the better form of ethics than virtue ethics.... Virtue ethics is a description of character as a moral agent, character is an ethical behavior driving force. It does not depend on rules or a consequence which defines what is right and wrong depending with the results of an act rather than character (Crisp, 68). While utilitarianism on the other hand, is an idea based on the moral worth of a specific action relaying on its usefulness as it maximizes on utility and minimizes on utility which is negative(Scarre, 2). Utility is defined as pleasure without pain, satisfaction that is preference or knowledge. Utilitarianism is therefore a form of consequentialism; moral worth of a specific action depends on the outcome. ... ch therefore it does not matter on the kind of acts human beings are involved in, or the intentions of individuals in an action, as long as the outcomes are positive. The consequential approach makes sense to us intuitively since while growing up, most children are usually taught on how they should be good. In this context the young are usually advice on how they should carry themselves and since human beings are mostly govern by there conscious they are in a position to make a decision based on the action that will not hate the other party (Lafollette, 27). In addition, utilitarianism relays on two main principles, one being equality; that is an individual considers everyone’s interests counts by having the same weight and relevancy. It does not discriminate race since everyone’s frustrations or pain has the same magnitude as anyone else. While the second principle relies on the action of an individual, the act has to result to a balance which is best between an indivi dual frustrations and satisfaction, as well as to all human beings affected by the results of the action. It is the best form of ethic since as a utilitarian; one has to think critically about a specific approach in a moral way. Here, an individual has to evaluate by first finding out the impacts of a specific approach. As a utilitarian one has to know who will be affected by choosing one of the two existing options. In addition, one has to determine the strength of the impact of the approach as well as where the best results will lie. It does not matter what option one has to take but it matters if the selected option is defines the moral duties (Lafollette, 27). On the other hand, Utilitarianism focuses on the idea of being kind and it is ethical for human beings to act this way. Being kind to
Postgraduate degree application personal statement Essay
Postgraduate degree application personal statement - Essay Example crisis since I was extremely interested in understanding; how and why the global economy, and Hong Kong in particular could be affected by events in far of places such a wall street or even the Euro Zone. Particularly after the global financial crisis, I immersed myself in an incisive study of any material that might illuminate the subject, be it on the internet or magazines such as, Newsweek and the Wall Street journal. Compounding these with my undergraduate studies, I can consider myself well furnished with background information as well as current affairs in the business world. The new face of business that has been facilitated by globalization also holds considerable interest to me, and I aspire to acquire a better understanding of new and emerging economies as well as the economic blocs being formed such as the Eurozone as well and examining the challenges that they are encountering. I would also like to research and study the changing dynamics of the international economies, especially the future of emerging Asian Economies that are playing a bigger role in the global economy. I also hope to study the effect of this on western economies, bearing in mind that many European nations seem to be undergoing a myriad of near crippling economic problems. I realize that XXXX University has an international reputation and is synonymous with excellence; furthermore, I am aware of diversity in the students and professors. I consider your institution appropriately placed to meet my needs since I am aware of the practical nature of the courses offered, which allow learners hands on experience, profoundly enhancing their skills and abilities. Furthermore, I look forward to being a part of the global campus rotational program, which allows your students to experience their subjects from the perspective of different countries. My application at your university for post graduate course is in line with my ambition and long term plan to work in the field of business.
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Coca-Cola Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Coca-Cola - Assignment Example It has targeted different age groups with different products, for example, using one of its products Fanta to target children and its main product Coca Cola to target the youth and the middle class as it says, â€Å"When you take this product you look hip and trendy†. The company has also collaborated with other leading companies in other fields like Puma, Nike and other sports bodies in joint sponsorship of various games like the Olympics and the World cup (Bell, 2009). The company has come to understand that when you engage the consumers, they in turn buy your products and give their opinions on how best to improve the product. Coca-Cola has managed to withstand strong competition from other emerging companies due to its huge market share and customer company loyalty. The company has also embraced technology and hence improved efficiency in its operations and production capacity. The company has taken up causes like collaborating with World governing body FIFA to end racism within the football fraternity. Such noble causes endear the company to the masses and ensure that the relationship continues and prospers since they feel the company cares about
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Analyze a Business Case Study. Provide an analysis with an application Essay
Analyze a Business Case Study. Provide an analysis with an application of at least two theories relating to Ethics. They also will recommend what action should be taken - Essay Example The ethical issue is accepting the $50 bill and locating and providing a room for Liz Borden, despite eminent knowledge that no rooms were apparently available for the night. For giving a room to Liz Borden, Paige Lewis violated the duty-based ethics or deontological ethics, which was premised on â€Å"the right motive is â€Å"to do the right thing†, â€Å"to do one’s duty†, â€Å"to respect the moral law†(LaFave, 2006, p. 1). Paige Lewis has full knowledge that it is her responsibility to abide by the reservations made by customers, pursuant to the Code of Conduct and the hotel’s policies and procedures regarding reservations. As it was disclosed that the hotel was completely booked that night and there is clearly stipulated policy that states: â€Å"Honor the reservations at all cost†(Lieberman and Nissen, 2008, p. 121). Clearly, Lewis violated company policies and the hotel’s Code of Conduct under responsibilities with clients, which indicates that â€Å"members will not promise any benefit that is not within their control to deliver†(International Association of Hospitality Advisors: Responsibilites wit Clients, n.d., par. 5). Concurrently, Paige Lewis also violated trust of its employer by accepting the $50 bill, considered as a bribe to locate a potential room for Liz Borden. It itself, this is again a violation of the Deontological theory that stipulates that a bribe is morally wrong (Practical Business Ethics.com). Likewise, under consequentialist theory, the outcome of Paige Lewis’ action, displacing the young woman of a room that was rightfully hers in the first place could potentially jeopardize her position when complaints would be filed against her and the hotel. holding times (meaning, the time needed to wait for the customers who made the reservations to arrive within the stipulated time frame). If there is a hold order of say, within one hour from the time of arrival indicated, and if any guest did not call to confirm
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Stratification by Gender and Agege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Stratification by Gender and Agege - Essay Example To make this discipline work, theoretical frameworks in the form of theories are used to explain and analyze social actions, structures and various social processes. These theories aid in organizing social research. It is imperative to realize the significance of these theories not only to develop a positive attitude towards life and society but also to modulate the situation so as to add meaning to it in a cognitive and overall holistic development (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). Sociological theories explaining stratification by gender and age are based on theoretical assumptions encompassing positivism, materialism, idealism, determinism, individualism and free will (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). They provide an attitude towards critical thinking that includes rationality, logic, objectivity and knowledge (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). It is an essential tool used by scholars to analyze the society and therefore these are interdisciplinary, drawing ideas from and contributing to various disciplines of human endeavor (Stark, 2007). Gender responsibilities require proper behavior, attitudes and activities of both males and females in the society. The social theories defining stratification by gender signify women as an oppressed majority group and must be feminine, soft, emotional, sweet and submissive while boys or males must be masculine, aggressive in temperament, tough, daring and dominant (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). ... Women perform the roles of being expressive and emotionally supportive while men take the role of being instrumental and practical (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). According to the conflict response of the sociological theory there is no parallel power relationship between men and women. Women are always considered as the weaker gender and men have a dominant position over women. This difference is due to suppression of women by men (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). According to the feminist perspective, in capitalist societies, women's subordination in injustice and exploitation is prevalent. This has gained pace with the rise in private property during industrialization (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The dominance of men is also seen in the interaction theory which states that men are more likely to change topics of conversation or rather ignore topics chosen by women. The theory further states that if the idea is given by a women then it doesn't gain much appreciation rather women are always interrupted (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The stratification by gender also brings focus on the ideology of sexism which states that one sex (male) is superior to other (female). It also encompass discrimination and male prejudice leading to sexual harassment. Sexual harassment also involves work benefits, favors, touching, lewd comments and thereby creating hostile environment (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). This stratification is prevalent all over the world and therefore women remain in second-class position in major part of the world especially in the developing countries and are exploited for labor (Schaefer, R, 5th Ed). The gender stratification is also prevalent in developed nations like US but still is underrepresented in occupations defined as "men's jobs" which keep
Monday, September 23, 2019
Who Rules America Corporate America, Weber & Marx Essay
Who Rules America Corporate America, Weber & Marx - Essay Example The natural rights theorists aim was to show that man was born in a state of nature, and given the right to do as he/she wished, but this was sacrificed to the governance of the land, i.e. that the rational man would give up the state of freedom, for the security and safety of law, governance and sovereignty, but retain the right to obtain and accrue whatever property they wish as long as it is within the rule of law. This is the basis of the US, with its promotion of life, liberty and freedom. A key concept of the American way is that it is the land of equal opportunity and one can reaps the benefits for what they work for. In the US Corporate America and the values of capitalism have the ultimate power, where the equalities in economics are validated with the notion of equal opportunity for all individuals1. This pretty much follows the protestant work ethic, which theorists such as Weber supported; however in response to huge inequalities theorists such as Marx arose who argued th at to have economic inequality is an abuse of the power that the capitalist oligarchy holds. The following section will examine the theories of Weber and Marx The theory of Weber condones the exploitation of the workforce and the inevitable inequalities of economic power. This treatment and mechanization of the workforce may in the short term seem the best way to increase productivity at the minimum price. This is very much the rational approach to human interaction and the increasing of productivity, management and governance of individuals. If there is no objectivity then there can be no maximization of work productivity at the minimum cost. This follows the view of management and governance of individuals, whether it be in the workplace or the governance of the country, where each of the workers need to be treated objectively and equally. Weber also stresses the importance of inequality within the social structure for the workers. Therefore Weber's theory is more than the interaction between the management and the working class. Weber's theory has four parts of society which are; traditional and cultural history and rules; affectual - emotional shaping influences of society; wertrational - value orientated rationality; zweckrational - goal orientated rationality. Therefore the focus of Weber's theory is that society and management can be determined by these four spheres of social classification. The key notion that Weber developed in order to balance out the inherent inequalities is that of the rationalizing of society and law; hence if the values of the society and the goal's of the individual can be rationalized and de-mystified then equality and justice can be instituted to achieve the best system for the society and the individual to obtain these goals. Weber sees it as an important factor that has shaped society and important to understanding the development of societal structure and management. Therefore to truly develop a system that is fair and just and can transcend the barriers of inequality a rational discussion of society needs to occur in order to determine justice and the rights of mankind; however the inequality in the power that Corporate America holds over the labor market is inevitable and just.2 The model of Marxism, on the other hand, states that it does not regard the individual as having any human rights, instead it is for the state to set the needs of the individuals, i.e., it is not the good of the individual that the state upholds but the good and the needs of the state. Marx considered law, justice, freedom and democracy as ideas and concepts that are determined by historical and
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Describe Risks and Possible Consquences Essay Example for Free
Describe Risks and Possible Consquences Essay There are many risks involved for children using the internet. this may be that the child has innocently mistyped on the keyboard and are exposed to porongraphic images. Parents have the option to block certain things popping up on the computer screen Children use networking sites, such as facebook, they will state their name, their age, address etc, they will also post photos of themselves onto the wall. They should go onto the privacy settings and set to friends only this means that no frien that is on the list can see their profile. This is because a paedophile will pose as a teenager with similar interests and hobbies to gain friendship. They will try to gain your trust and want to meet you in person. They could also lie in wait for you if you have stated that you will be meeting friends in a certain park at a certain time. Paedophiles, groom children. Children can be bullied, either on the internet or by the use of a mobile phone Could be a lone person doing the bullying or a group of people. They can torment, threaten, tease etc anytime of the day or night. Always keep a copy of the types of messages and day and time thay were sent and inform an adult. This type of bullying will probably lower the childs self esteem and cause them to become depressed. Children can also be hooked on cult websites or a suicidal site where they make pacts with each other to end their own lives
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Cadbury The Worlds Second Largest Confectionery Company Marketing Essay
Cadbury The Worlds Second Largest Confectionery Company Marketing Essay Cadbury, which is the worlds second largest confectionery company, the second largest chewing gum company, the third largest soft drinks company, is also the only company that has a chocolate, candy and gum products, is a leading a large, growing, brand-led industry. It has a great market shares and has many honest consumers, but it has also a numerous of competitors such as Altria Group, Nestle, Hershey, Ferrero, Unilever, and so on. Cadbury Company produces markets and distributes confectionery (chocolate, sugar, sweets, chewing gum, etc.) and beverage products. To the competitors, Philippe Morris that is the worlds largest packaged food companies. Nestle is the worlds largest food manufacturer, and Nestle is famous for producing instant coffee and chocolate bars. Currently has for the local market and culture-rich products, such as Chocolate and candy, bottled water, beverages and dried milk. Hershey is the largest chocolate and candy manufacturer in the North America. Ferrero Gro up is the worlds fourth largest chocolate manufacturer. Unilever Group is the worlds second-largest consumer products maker. Unilever operates the following two major product areas: food and household and personal care products. So, besides Cadbury, Philippe Morris, Nestle, Hershey, Ferrero also produce candy and chocolate and some companies scale is larger than Cadbury. That it is a great threaten to Cadbury and they are the direct competitors to Cadbury as well. And all global candy and chocolate enterprise play a great role in the market battle in contend for markets. Competing features and competitive advantages Enterprises participating in market competition is founded by virtue of capital and its competitive characteristics of the enterprise (Piccolo, 2008). Companies must create a difference between competitors in order to survive in an invincible position in the market of fierce competition (Regan, 2008). However, any one of the characteristics or conditions is not forever. So, we must continue to develop innovative competitive features. In todays society, competition has following major characteristics: First, the expansion of the scope of competition, mainly including: 1) the diversification of the main competition. With the economic globalization, it will further promote the social division of labor, leading to the diversification pattern of competition. 2) The globalization of local competition. Economic integration and trade liberalization has reduced the country or regional limits of globalization towards the direction of promoting competition. 3) Competition content diversity. Modern competition not only stay in the competition for the market and customers, and further extended to technology, information, personnel and even strategic partners such as multi-level competition. Second, changes in competition mode, mainly: 1) the aim of competing has changed from the market share to compete for customer loyalty. With increased competition intensity, market share is difficult to sustain customer loyalty as competition goals; 2) the focus features of competition shifts from competition to process competition, part of the development of competition into the system from the competition; 3) the way of competing changes from competitively price non-price competition. The traditional way of price competition is difficult to adapt to these changes. Information technology reduces customer search and transaction costs, reduced services, economic globalization, national differences in the prices of the effectiveness of price competition; 4) the relationship is becoming cooperating and fights against each other. Only by establishing strategic alliances with competitors to form both the interaction between competition and cooperation, pursue win-win competitive effects, can only better meet customer needs, effective response to the competitive environment, competitive objectives of enterprises. Third the innovation of competition means. 1) Conversion from visible to invisible. With the technology and facilities improving, the competitiveness of enterprises shifts to the use of modern information technology, integration, functional reorganization, driving to improve efficiency of operation with information technology. 2) Competition shifted from a single competition to compound competition. The international logistics market, competition, the unique way of competition means is difficult both to obtain and maintain competitive advantage and meet customer demands for diversity in complex, showing a variety of sales promotion and use, services, price and promotion mix of the compound variety of competition means competition situation;3) Reliance from on the internal strength to both the internal strengths and external resources. But in the face all kinds of trade barriers and market access restrictions, companies simply is difficult to compete effectively with virtue of its own resources, only an integrated use of economic, psychological, political and public relations among other factors, with the government, associations, the media and the public, etc. the formation of internal strengths and external forces work together to beat the market and fierce competition to win. Under the new era of competitive characteristics, Cadbury also has its own competitive features that is powerful combination, and along with Kraft to create a market. Kraft and Cadbury combining has become the worlds largest confectionery company. Through the merger, it reflects the complementary advantages both of them. First, Cadbury could help Kraft make up for disadvantaged in chocolate and chewing gum products; Second, in some Kraft, there has not yet reached the emerging markets, Cadbury has established a relatively strong distribution system. Kraft launched Cadbury now choosing the timing of the acquisition can also be said about right. From the perspective of the development to Cadbury, its current operating conditions very good, but limited by company size, development bottlenecks encountered. So by merging, Cadbury will have a brighter future. A new kind of product and its target market After uniting with KFT, a new kind of product will be exploited, this is walnut candy. First, the main raw material of walnut is nut, which is a nut fruit. It has many effects. For example, Walnut nutritious are rich in protein, fat, minerals and vitamins, fat containing linoleum acid and more nutritional value, as well as vitamins B and E, which could prevent cell aging, enhance memory and release aging. Walnuts also contain special vitamin ingredients, not only did not increase cholesterol, but also reduce the intestinal absorption of cholesterol for atherosclerosis, hypertension and coronary heart disease human consumption. Walnuts contain linolenic acid and calcium, phosphorus, iron, the bodys skin beauty ideal agent, regular consumption of a profit the skin, hair Ukraine, and have prematurely white hair, and loss prevention functions. Walnuts also contain many trace elements needed by the body, which are important proprietary accessories. When you feel tired, chew more walnut, w ith ease fatigue and stress. So, if through a special process, nuts can be made the walnut sugar, that it not only can play the role of health care products, but also a broad market. This is the walnut candy birth. Because walnut candy is a new product to a lot of people, in order to better promote their products, to find greater and more extensive market, determine the target market is particularly important. Target market is the fundamental starting point of regional marketing. Analysis and grasp the regional marketing system, subsystem from its target market began to take marketing or target marketing positioning of thinking. Determining the target market must be looking for both demand in the market and consistent with its resources and advantages of the target market segments. Customers need is to be able to respond to customer requirements, and meet the customers desires and needs, and can see farther than the customers, to find and meet with customers and the request, so the key is to meet the needs of the customer better than competitors; integrated marketing is that the company will have to serve customers in all sectors interests, all sectors must be coordinated departure from the Cus tomer Perspective; earnings capability refers to enterprises depend on more than competitors to better meet customer need to make a profit. The first principle of selecting target market is that the market should demand, if there is no real market demand or potential demand, it can not be selected as the target market. Not for the company to decide what conditions should it do, but according to the social needs of the market to decide what to do. Second important principle of selecting the target market is that: to use their own existing resources, avoid weaknesses, looking for their strengths target market. Many enterprises focuses only on market demand, regardless of their condition diversification, it is very dangerous. Third principle of selecting target market is to pay attention to find the edge of target markets. In general, each company has its own possession of the technology, resources and operating conditions and it play a different role in marketing system. So the enterprise should treat market opportunity as a key factor in the marketing selection. But to the external enterprise, it is difficult to find such chances. Even as fierce competition among peers, so that market opportunities in certain sectors lost or diminished opportunities for efficiency, we can not blindly go outside the industry to find the target market. Therefore, the boundary between the industry and trade office, there will be a vacuum, usually called the edge of market opportunities. Edge of market opportunities on the one hand some companies can still play advantage, on the other hand, because it is covert, difficult to be found in most businesses, easy access to opportunities for efficiency. If companies need to look outside the target market in the industry, major efforts should be made to find market opportunities, and select edge of the target market. The fourth principle is to select the ideal target market, but also consider the different degree of difficulty into retirement. According to industry profit point of view, the most attractive target market should be high barriers to entry low barriers to exit. The fifth principle is to be good at identifying potential target markets and future target markets. Opportunities in the market some demand is evident, while another is hidden behind the existing market demand for some kind of demand, which we call the potential market opportunities, corresponding to, then there is a potential target market. Review of Prices Price objective Price target is the enterprise business goals. Through the pricing system, the enterprise is to make a proper price level to achieve its price objective(Steinberg, 2005). Because companies set their own price before the first target audience, the target group of their income determines their acceptable price. Then companies need to capture the market first, or first create profits as much as possible. If it is to capture the market, it should take penetration pricing, if the first to create profits as much as possible, we should use skimming pricing. It is why should have a price objective. While prices should also consider cost of production, circulation costs, profits and taxes. Walnut candy is one of the main components of walnut, and walnuts are distributed all over the world. Therefore, the production of raw materials is very convenient, relatively low freight costs and raw materials are more abundant. So a medium and reasonable price level should be positioned in Walnut candy. Price competition The so-called price competition points to that an enterprise considers the cost of enterprises and products based on market and enterprises has established a competitive price relative to competitors, thus price advantage attracts consumers, realizing the purpose of profit(Orzen, 2008; Kondo, 2004). It should say that, in the current market, price is still an important factor to affect the consumers to make in consumer choice, so the use of price competition means businesses to seize the market price reduction approach is still very effective. Price competition is an inherent phenomenon of market economy which is dominated by the law of market economy, and only follows the law of competition in commodity prices and other economic laws, economic activities, to achieve greater economic efficiency. Competition makes the consumer sensitive to very price; price competition has a strong effect. At the same time, price competitions can often significantly lowering prices and expanding market in growth companies. Therefore, the outbreak of a price war is to re-divide the market resources to expand production scale and the weak competitiveness of small businesses out. This realization of the effective allocation of resources, market price competition has certain inevitability. Walnut candy is a fresh product for most people, because of its abundant and wide variety of sources of raw materials, so it has a big price advantage. Meanwhile, Cadbury and Kraft as a joint, for the walnut candy sales offers a wide range of channels. Therefore, walnut candy as a new product is very competitive and has a broad space for development. Pricing strategies Pricing strategy is that through the assessment of the demand and cost analysis the business chooses one strategy to attract customers and achieve marketing mix of pricing strategies (Grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸ler, 2008; Farmer, 2002). The low elasticity of demand (elasticity coefficient is less than 1, demand inelastic) of goods, should be taken to high pricing strategy. Sales influenced by the prices of its small, prices low after the sales drop, while the total income increase. Elasticity of demand for high (greater than 1, demand elasticity) of the commodity, low-cost pricing strategy should be adopted. Because prices will rapidly decline sales, resulting in sales revenue. Demand elasticity for a single (equal to 1) of the commodity, the price change will not lead to sales revenue, and should refer to other standard pricing. To Walnut candy should have a low-cost pricing strategy. For the walnut candy sales process, you can use Customer Value Innovation Strategy, which is a corporate strategic thinking. Such strategic thinking is orientated by the clients as a strategic orientation, it is based on the satisfying value to improve customers satisfaction and retain customers as loyal to the changing market environment, achieving sustainable development of enterprises. Meanwhile, to the enterprise, it could improve its core competitive capability to go ahead of the competitors under the Customer Value Innovation Strategy. The dynamic development of core capabilities associates to the changes customer value. If the enhancement of core capabilities can not meet the changed needs of customers, then upgraded the core competencies and is not to generate new competitive advantages. At this point, the development of core competencies should be modified of track and direction. Only when the upgraded the core competence could give customers greater satisfaction, the upgrad e can be as effective to enhance this. Thus, enhancement of core competence direction and goals should be founded under Customer Value Innovation Strategy. Key factors influence the price decisions and strategies The fundamental factors affecting the price are socially necessary labor time value. Value determines the price. In the commodity economy, commodity prices mainly determined by market supply and demand affect prices, but can not decide the price. Price decision, the main factors affecting the price: 1) raw materials, if raw material prices have gone up, prices go up. 2) Supply and demand, short supply of natural prices, sluggish sales will be lower prices; 3) consumer psychology; product design is reasonable, they are quite attractive to consumers, or it could be not. There are major environmental factors, such as the financial crisis, inflation and so on. Financial crisis and inflation will affect the purchasing power of consumers. In determining the price, it should be taken into account various factors.
Friday, September 20, 2019
How the cold war promoted the civil rights movement in america, and how it promoted change
How the cold war promoted the civil rights movement in america, and how it promoted change Introduction. Cold war refers to the conflict between the nations that supported communism and they were headed by the Soviet Union and those that supported democracy and they were headed by the United States. The cold war was fought propaganda, fiscal warfare, political arguments and through martial conflicts at times. The cold war is said to have began around 1947 when President Truman of the United States affirmed his policy against communism thereby provoking a cold war commenced between the United States and the Soviet Union (Anonymous, 2002, 2). The war is said to have began as a result of the clear cut differences in the governance between the United States and the Soviet Union. For instance, in the United States, the populace had the privilege to select their own leaders and again they were allowed to come up with their own political organization and allowed the privileges to gather in the form of meetings and free communication (Anonymous, 2002, 3). While in the Soviet Union, the communist party had the mandate to select the people who would constitute the government, they had no right to form their own political movements; they were also not allowed the privilege of free communication and gathering (Anonymous, 2002, 4). Another possible cause of the conflict was as a result of global trade. While the United States wanted free trade among the various countries, the Soviet Union was trying to prevent its member countries from trading with the other countries in the world. Russia for instance, was hesitant in opening up to the rest of the western countries through trade since it was afraid of this having an influence on its autocratic governance. This therefore created a lot of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. At the end of the World War 2, Europe had collapsed and so the international power was split between the United States and the Soviet Union. As a result of this, a lot of tension developed between these two unions as each one of them struggled to gain control over the world countries. Initial war started during peace agreement conferences and it got deepened when President Truman declared his policy against communism (Dudziak, 2006, 3). The Soviet Union had already begun expanding her influence in Europe even before the world war came to an end. It did this by deploring its red army to various parts of Europe and by the time the war came to a halt, it was already in control of a larger portion of the eastern side of Europe (Dudziak, 2006,4). The communists controlled the voting process in Europe and even won the first election and retained the powerful ministries of defense and military in the newly created government. Other factors that promoted the cold war was the Americans response to Russians influence on Europe which was rather quite negative, this furthered the bad blood between these two unions(Dudziak, 2006, 5). The reasons behind the establishment of civil rights movements. The ingress of the United States into the world war caused it a lot; for instance, a good number of the Americans were forced to move into the coastal lands around the Pacific, Atlantic and the Gulf in order to provide labor in the war industries. At the end of the war, America was significantly better placed after the war than several other countries that had been involved in the war. The GI Bill was passed in 1944 in order to provide support for the people who had been involved in the war to access education and economic development (Dudziak, 2006, 4). The Americans therefore looked for all the means and opportunities to rebuild their lives. Though not all of them got an equal chance in exploring the available opportunities. The whites had an advantage in all this and were able to be better placed economically than the other groups such as the Hispanics and African Americans (Dudziak, 2006, 4) These groups, commonly known as the minority groups developed an aggression in fighting for their civil rights in order to enjoy the complete rights and privileges that had been indicated in the constitution after the war (Dudziak, 2006, 5). The uprising of the civil rights movements in the US. The civil rights movements in the USA refer to a fight especially by the African Americans to acquire equal. Civil rights as all the other Americans. This movements had a lot of influence on America and they lead to an improved approval of constitutional rights and it also exposed the country to the pervasiveness and cost of racial discrimination. As a result of this, the African Americans came together with the some of the whites in the United States to protest against bigotry that was real in the US. For quite some time during the world war, a few African Americans had united to fight for equal rights but after the world war quite a number of the civil rights movements came into the limelight. A significant period in the civil rights movements occurred between the years 1950s and 1960s when strong civil rights lobby groups were formed and Martin Luther king Junior became the head of these civil rights pressure groups (Dudziak, 2006, 7). King arranged remonstration through public meetings, embargos and demonstrations. His expectation was that the individuals who were seeking equal rights through tranquility and courteous would be in support of the movements that he believed supported peaceful lobbying for the equivalent privileges for both the whites and the blacks. In 1964 and1965 (Dudziak, 2006, 7), the movements succeeded in having the central government pass the civil rights act and the voting rights acts. These acts abolished racial segregation, pledged the African Americans equal defense by the constitution and also guaranteed them the right to vote. Even though these acts were passed and the African American were really impressed, the civil rights movements did not stop here as the African Americans continued fighting for equal remuneration and access to educational opportunities for the blacks and the whites(Dudziak, 2006,8). The cold war and the civil rights movements in the US highlight the correlation between the American approach to racism within its borders, across the borders and the international relations during the period just after the world war two. A weak correlation between the American home policy and foreign policy on racism and discrimination was evident during this period because racial discrimination (Dudziak, 2002, 76) economic and social inequalities and racial violence continued in the US. This sparked lot of international protests and the image of the United States became tainted internationally. It was rather absurd to have the United States trying to shape discrimination in the other countries while it could not handle the discrimination within its own walls. In order to correct its tainted image, the United States defended itself by claiming that the existence of so many races within the country was a strong sign of racial equality in the country. The American government also decided to have control over the African Americans who were living in countries outside the United States; they did this in order to prevent them from bringing to the international communitys attention, the reality of racism in the US(Dudziak, 2002, 79). For instance, the government seized the passports of W.E.B DuBois and Paul Robeson when they tried to expose the discrimination against the blacks in the US. A number of writers such as Richard Wright and Baldwin James were also forced to flee to other countries; from those regions they continuously subverted the governments strategies and policies on solving the racism issue. Josephine Baker, a musician was forced to move out of the country due discrimination in the US which according to her was seriously interferi ng with her musical career. Even after she denounced her American citizenship, the American government continued to silence her through propaganda, liaising with the media in the countries she was to discredit any information she gave and they also conducted investigations that could link her to communist governance in order to taint her name (Dudziak, 2002, 79). Even though the government was trying to silence the anti racism activists leaving outside America, President Truman felt that as a result of the cold war that was raging between the US and the Soviet Union, it was important that societal amendments were made in order to put the US at an advantage in this battle. As a result of this, the presidents committee on civil rights in 1947 was formed; this policy analyzed the need to tackle the civil rights issue in the country since it was seriously interfering with the countrys international relations. The President therefore recommended the senate to pass the civil rights laws that would abolish killings of the African Americans, allow the blacks voting rights and to establish a permanent civil rights body to look into the rights of the blacks. All these recommendations failed to see the light of the day; this was as a result of the prevalence of the Southern Democrats in a number of the senate committees who had all along been opposed to granting equal rights for the African Americans and the whites(Dudziak, 2002,). Truman felt frustrated by the senates conduct and so he decided to use the authority of the administrative and the lawmaking divisions in order to handle issues affecting the government. He therefore decided to integrate the US Armed forces through administrative command (Dudziak, 2006, 8). He also allowed the filling of the amicus curiae briefings that were in support of the cases that were presented by the NAACP at the courts. These updates laid emphasis on the need to abandon racism as it was becoming a drawback in Americas war against communism. The cold war therefore created a necessity to tackle the civil rights issues in the United States (Dudziak, 2006, 8). The changes brought about by the cold war. The cold war had a lot of impacts on a number of countries around the world. For instance, as a result of the cold war the communism system of governance ended, USA became the major super power, a number of the countries that had earlier on been under the Soviet Union attained independence, the Warsaw pact got dismantled(Buzzle.com, 2005, 4), the two states that earlier on made Germany were unified again to form todays Germany after the destruction of the Berlin wall(Buzzle.com, 2005, 4), the Soviet Union crumbled, the Vietnam and Korean wars erupted and both The United States and the Soviet Union established huge caches of various types of weapons (Buzzle.com, 2005, 4). Conclusion. The cold war refers to a conflict that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union; while united sates supported democracy, the soviet union supported communism, this sharp differences was the cause of tension as each of the unions tried to draw a large number of the other world countries towards its ideologies. The cold war also intensified because the US acquired a lot of atomic weapons, the Soviet Unions acquisition of a larger portion of the Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union was also worried about the US using the Western part of Europe to wage war against it. These factors and several others, created a serious tension between these two unions. At the end of the world war the Americans were looking for all the opportunities to improve their living standards but the minority groups such as the African Americans, Hispanics and the others felt exclude and as a result they started fighting for the rights to enjoy the privileges that the constitution had indicated for all the citizens. As a result of this, a number of civil rights movements were formed in order to fight for the rights of the African Americans that continuously became infringed by the white Americans. The US fought the Soviet Union by strongly criticizing its communist form of governance and this meant a war to promote human rights and democracy. The irony of all this was that the United States was also facing a serious domestic problem; racial discrimination. This made the USs efforts to fight communism futile as the foreign relations between the country and other democracies strained on the grounds that the US was abating racism. President Truman therefore made recommendations to the senate to pass bill that would promote equal rights and privileges for all its citizens. But since the recommendations failed to go through the congress, Truman used his executive powers to desegregate the armed forces. In 1964 and 1965, civil rights act and the voting rights acts were passed that allowed the African Americans civil rights as well as voting rights. Work Cited. Anonymous. The postwar United States, 1945-1968. lcweb2.loc.gov. 2002. 15 March, 2010, Buzzle.com. Causes and effects of the cold war. Buzzle.com. 2005. 15 March, 2010, http://www.buzzle.com/articles/causes-and-effects-of-the-cold-war.html http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/postwar/postwar.html Dudziak, Mary. Cold war civil rights. Chnm.gmu.edu. 2006. 15 March, 2010, http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/schrag/wiki/index.php?title=Cold_War_Civil_Right Dudziak, Mary. Cold War civil rights: race and the image of American democracy. University Press. ISBN0691095132, 9780691095134. 2002
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Corporate Interests and Their Impact on News Coverage Essay -- Media P
Corporate Interests and Their Impact on News Coverage Hypothesis There is no denying that news media is big business. The complete coverage of stories and investigative reports are certainly at risk with the rise of media as a business, rather than strictly a service to the public. Over the past few years, there have been a number of cases where television stations or news publications have killed news stories or forced reporters to slant stories due to pressure from advertisers or those in power at the news. This paper will attempt to examine the relationship between social responsibility and news editors, and apply ethical theories to explain what should and can be done. Should editors have the power to kill or slant stories, depending on their own interests or those of their advertisers? Literature Review A number of books and articles investigated the relationship between corporate and advertising interests and news coverage. In the May/June 2000 issue of Columbia Journalism Review, Lowell Bergman wrote an article entitled, "Network television news: With fear and favor." Bergman sums up his findings by saying, "Executives of the network news divisions say that they will report any story of public interest and import without fear or favor, without considering its potential commercial consequences. They say that, but they do not believe it" (p. 50). Karl Idsvoog's journal article, "TV sitting on stories to improve ratings," claims that "the decision on when (or if) to run a piece is no longer determined just by asking is the report concise, clear, and well produced; is it fair, thorough and accurate? There are now more critical questions. What's the lead-in? Where do we place the promotion? Will it deliver bett... ...V sitting on stories to improve ratings. Nieman Reports, 1, 38. Jensen, C. (1996). Censored: The news that didn't make the news and why. New York: Seven Stories Press. Kirtley, J. (1998). Second-guessing news judgment. American Journalism Review, 20, 86. Krajicek, D.J. (1998). Scooped! Media miss real story on crime while chasing sex, sleaze, and celebrities. New York: Columbia University Press. McCartney, J. (1997). News lite. In B. Levy & D.M. Bonilla (Eds.), The power of the press (pp. 44-54). New York: The H.W. Wilson Company. Trigoboff, D. (2000, August 28). Reporter wins in milk suit. Broadcasting & Cable, 130, 27. Winch, S.P. (2000). Ethical challenges for investigative journalism. In M. Greenwald & J. Bernt (Eds.), The big chill: Investigative reporting in the current media environment (pp. 121-136). Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Multicultural Social Studies Essay -- Education
Multicultural Social Studies More now than ever before in the educational history of our nation has multicultural education become important. Due to the ever increasing diversity in our nation, the global economy, and the mobility of our work force, diversity in the classroom is affecting our classrooms. With such a diverse student population teachers must understand that each student will bring his own background knowledge and experience into the learning environment. The task that is presented to teachers is to prepare the students to understand and interact with all the different cultures that are present or that the student may come into contact with, while at the same time teach them content which does not offend a student’s cultural identity. Why is multicultural education important? â€Å"Curriculum Standards for Social Studies (NCSS,1994b) endorses the belief that students should be helped to construct a pluralist perspective based on diversity. This perspective respects differences of opinion and preference, race, religion, gender, class, ethnicity, and culture in general.†(Hass & Sunal, 2011, p. 304) With the ever increasing diversity found within this country, and the interdependency between different cultures on a world-wide platform it is important for our students to not only accept these differences, but to also understand the differences. Dr. Geneva Gay states: Multicultural education can ease these tensions by teaching skills in cross- cultural communication, interpersonal relations, perspective taking, con- textual analysis, understanding alternative points of view and frames of reference, and analyzing how cultural conditions affect values, attitudes, beliefs, preferences, expectations, and behaviors. .. .../pdf/session3/3.Multiculturalism.pdf Banks, J. (2008). Teaching Strategies for ethnic studies. (8th Ed.). Boston: Pearson. Cushner, K., McClelland, A., & Safford, P. (1992). Human Diversity in Education. New York: McGraw-Hill. Fry, T. S. (2000). Muticultural Perspectives Help by Preservice Social Studies Teachers. The Journal of Critical Inquiry Into curriculum and Instruction . Gay, G. P. (1994). A Synthesis of Scholorship in Muticultural Education. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from North Central Regional Educational Laboratory: http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/educatrs/leadrshp/le0gay.htm Hass, M. E., & Sunal, C. S. (2011). Social Studies for the Elementary and Middle Grades. Boston: Pearson. Kostelink, M., Whiren, A., Soderman, A. S., & Gregory, K. (2002). Guiding children's social development: Theory to practice. Albany, NY: Thomson Delmar.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
Thrives on Misunderstanding: Analysis of “A Doll House”
Of all the struggles of the oppressed, perhaps the most daunting has been the most silently tyrannical. Women have spent ages proving their obvious intellectual, cognitive, and social equality to the male population, especially to the men in their lives. In â€Å"A Doll House†and â€Å"Trifles,†Henrik Ibsen and Susan Glaspell illustrate how men not only underestimate their wives, but also drive them to hide their true thoughts, act in secrecy, and ultimately take formidable, yet understandable measures of overcompensation. They do so while simultaneously imposing unique male and female perspectives on the relationships they create.Through the men’s shallow view of the women around them and their inability to properly analyze their interactions, the male characters in â€Å"Trifles†and â€Å"A Doll House†create a culture of tension and resentment in their households that lead their wives to rebel against their oppression. In A â€Å"Doll House,à ¢â‚¬ Ibsen uses Torvald’s character to highlight the patronizing quality of the 19th century husband. Torvald addresses his wife, Nora, almost always by pet names, such as â€Å"Is that my little lark twittering out there?†¦ Is that my squirrel rummaging around?†¦When did my squirrel get in? †(859) For the better part of three acts, Nora internalizes the condescension and relishes the adorationâ€â€or at least she pretends to. The comments, which serve to reduce her humanity, lead Nora to realize that Torvald is ill-equipped to be a husband or a father, as he can only seem to sustain the relationships he dominates. As she comes to this realization, she tells her husband â€Å"There’s another job I have to do first. I have to try to educate myself. You can’t help me with that. I’ve got to do it alone. And that’s why I’m leaving you now. (907) Although removing herself from the hold of her husband’s patriarchy se ems logical, it is uncertain whether Nora will adapt to the realities of an independent lifestyle. The transition from her father’s patronization to the binds of Torvald’s expectations left Nora no opportunity to explore her interests or learn practical skills, like money management. Furthermore, had Nora pursued either, her husband would have forbidden her from duties associated with the male realm. The lack of these experiences forced Nora into venturing into the male world of business, taking out the loan which â€Å"saved†Torvald.When he reads Krogstad’s letter, his true sentiments about Nora come out: â€Å"I should have suspected something of the kind. I should have known†¦ All of your father’s flimsy values have come out in you. No religion, no morals, no sense of duty. †(904) Torvald’s lack of faith in Nora’s intellectual and business abilities also become clear through the outburst. The tension and shallowness i n the household become apparent when he uses pet names superficially, but when genuinely expressing emotion, he uses no names of the sort.He restricts their interactions to shallow conversation, which Nora picks up on when she announces her departure: â€Å"In eight whole yearsâ€â€longer evenâ€â€right from our first acquaintance, we’ve never exchanged a serious word on any serious thing. †(906) Certainly, their interactions are more of a father-child dynamic than that of a married couple. Only when faced with her departure does Torvald make any concessions to the relationship, after attempting to subdue her defiance. Likewise, the women in â€Å"Trifles†are oppressed, though less subtly.Though Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale make significant discoveries at the Wrights’ home, their husbands treat them as children brought along to work. For instance, these women live their day to day lives pursuing the popular cultural interests deemed appropriate for w omen, and as such, are prone to discuss them in conversation. When Mrs. Hale points out Mrs. Wright’s quilt, the sheriff is quick to tease her: â€Å"They wonder if she was going to quilt it or just knot it! (The men laugh, the woman look abashed. †(917) The blatant disrespect makes the women disinclined to tell the men investigating the crime scene any of their real findings, almost out of spite and to protect their fellow woman, Mrs. Wright. The women take note of the quilt, the broken preserves, and the dead canary, which likely triggered Mrs. Wright’s rage. While the men begin their search with the preconceptions that Mrs. Wright committed the crime and attempt to find evidence to prove it, the women assume her innocence; either they choose to because of their kind nature, or perhaps because doing so is a silent form of retaliation. Such rebellion is obvious when Mrs.Hale hides the bird from the sheriff and recalls Mr. Wright’s injustice to his wife: â€Å"I wish you’d seen Minnie Foster when she wore a white dress with blue ribbons and stood up there in the choir and sang. Oh, I wish I’d come over here once in a while! That was a crime! That was a crime! Who’s going to punish that? †(921) The men do not account for the woman Mrs. Wright had once been, and are therefore blind to the motive they search for. Mrs. Wright parallels Nora in that their men drive them to acts of desperation. Whereas Nora merely leaves her oppressive husband, Mrs. Wright finishes hers off herself.The difference in sex between the authors and how they have the women deal with their husbands is especially significant. Ibsen, a man, concludes with the oppressed woman becoming aware of her situation in spite of her lack of education, summoning the courage to leave her husband and family never having experienced independence. Almost suddenly, Nora realizes the lifelong hold of patriarchy her father and husband have imposed on he r when she complains â€Å"Our home’s been nothing but a playpen. I’ve been your doll-wife here, just as at home I was Papa’s doll-child. And in turn, the children have been my dolls.I thought it fun when you played with me, just as they thought it fun when I played with them. That’s been our marriage, Torvald. †(906) Glaspell, on the other hand, brings a female perspective and ended her characters’ marriage in murderâ€â€a fit of passion and rage from a woman who had lost her identity and zeal. The female author’s conclusion of overcompensation seems more realistic than the male author’s of miraculous clarity. For example, the male author’s version of the married couple is surely one of blatant shallowness, while the female author indirectly illustrates a dynamic void of respect and love.The more subtle, sinister nuances of the relationship that Glaspell hints at are more characteristic of real relationships; the on es that deteriorate often lose civility gradually. Contrasting, the Helmers were seemingly cordial, though paternalistic, until the end. Through their oppressive behavior, intentional or not, the men in these works contribute to their wives’ emotional deaths and to the deaths of their relationships. By treating them more like pawns in their quest for superficial happiness than equals, these men fail to recognize the frailty of their marriages.In addition, by underestimating their wives’ capabilities, they are blind-sighted when the women assert their humanity. The male-dominant dynamic incites the conflicts that lead the women to rebel; had there been any depth to the husband-wife connections, the contentions of â€Å"A Doll House†and â€Å"Trifles†may have been eschewed all together. Instead, the despotism in these relationships forges irreversible consequences: for the men, the harsh reality of a broken life; for the women, resentment for their oppres sion and a future of uncertainty.
Monday, September 16, 2019
Jack Fruit Seed Spread
Historical BackgroundA spread is a food that is spread with a knife onto bread, crackers, or other bread products. Spreads are added to bread products to provide flavor and texture, and are an integral part of the dish; they should be distinguished from condiments, which are optional additions. Spreads should also be distinguished from dips, which do not employ a knife in applying it to crackers or chips. (en. wikipedia. org) Butter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk.It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications, such as baking, sauce making, and pan frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins. Most frequently made from cows' milk, butter can also be manufactured from the milk of other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, and yaks. Salt, flavorings and preservatives are sometimes added to butter. Rendering butter produces clarified butter or ghee, which is almost entirely butterfat. (en. w ikipedia. org) The proponents’ focuses on making Jackfruit seed butter that will be profitable and demandable by the consumers in the mere future.This study will prove and give new ideas to the industry that we can use different ingredients or raw materials in producing new products. The jackfruit has played a significant role in Indian agriculture for centuries. Archeological findings in India have revealed that jackfruit was cultivated in India 3000 to 6000 years ago. Findings also indicate that Indian Emperor Ashoka the Great (274–237 BC) encouraged arbori-horticulture of various fruits including jackfruit. Varahamihira, the Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer, wrote a chapter on the treatment of trees in his Brhat Samhita.His treatise includes a specific reference on grafting to be performed on trees such as jackfruit. Jack fruit trees are seen in almost all areas of Kerala except sandy areas. Maturing in 35-40 years, their wood can be used for furn iture. The gum from this tree and jack fruit is used as a stopper for small holes of pots. No one knows the jackfruit's place of origin but it is believed indigenous to the rainforests of the Western Ghats. It is cultivated at low elevations throughout India, Burma, Ceylon, southern China, Malaya, and the East Indies. It is common in the Philippines, both cultivated and naturalized.It is grown to a limited extent in Queensland and Mauritius. In Africa, it is often planted in Kenya, Uganda and former Zanzibar. Though planted in Hawaii prior to 1888, it is still rare there and in other Pacific islands, as it is in most of tropical America and the West Indies. It was introduced into northern Brazil in the mid-19th Century and is more popular there and in Surinam than elsewhere in the New World. In Asia, jackfruits ripen principally from March to June, April to September, or June to August, depending on the climatic region, with some off-season crops from September to December, or a few fruits at other times of the year.In the West Indies, I have seen many ripening in June; in Florida, the season is late summer and fall. The seeds, which appeal to all tastes, may be boiled or roasted and eaten, or boiled and preserved in syrup like chestnuts. They have also been successfully canned in brine, in curry, and, like baked beans, in tomato sauce. They are often included in curried dishes. Roasted, dried seeds are ground to make flour which is blended with wheat flour for baking. (http://www. hort. purdue. du) The researchers thought that instead of throwing the seeds and making it a waste, they decide to make this spread using the seeds of a jack fruit as a main ingredient to produce this product. Aside from that these seeds contain and give the essential nutrients that our body needs. In preparing this product different utensils and materials are needed. Make sure your utensils are washed properly. It is best to use hot soapy water to clean the food processor, and the pan where peanuts are in contact with. Do the same with the mixing cups and, storage containers.The demand of sandwich spread in the market is gradually increasing because of the continuous increase in population, that’s why this product will certainly fulfill the demand of the consumers. Even there are a lot of competitors in the sector the proponents believe that the consumers will buy these goods because it is nutritious and affordable. The proponents believe that producing this product will benefit many people and will help the food industry. One of its major beneficiaries is the consumers, the government, competitors, and other investors that are more focused in the food industry.Statement of the Problems . Marketing Aspect1. 1 What are the promotional strategies should be implemented to attract customers?1. 2 Is there a demand for the product?2. Management Aspect2. 1 What is the organizational form of the business?2. 2 How many employees needed in putting up this busine ss?3. Technical Aspect3. 1 Where is the appropriate location in putting up the business?3. 2 Who are the possible suppliers of the materials needed for the business?4. Financial Aspect4. 1 How much would be the total capital needed to establish the business?4. 2 How long will the business recover its investment?5. Socio Economic Aspect5.1 What are the possible contributions of the business in the national and local economy?5.2 What are the changes that may occur in the economy?Objective of the Study1. Marketing Aspect1. 1 To determine the promotional strategies to be used to attract customers.1. 2 To evaluate the status of supply and demand.2. Management Aspect2. 1 To be able to know the form of business or type of ownership to be applied in this study.2. 2 To identify how many employees to be needed.3. Technical Aspect3. 1 To determine the ideal location of the business.3. 2 To identify the suppliers of the business.4. Financial Aspect4. 1 To know how much will be the starting capi tal.4. 2 To know how long the investment to be recover.5. Socio Economic Aspect5. 1 To determine the contribution of these study in national and local economy.5. 2 To know the changes in the economy.Significance of the StudyThe project will give a great benefit to the followingTo the customer, by providing a new product, that gives a variety of choices.To other competitors, it gives them new thoughts and ideas in the food industry.To the local government, a new provider of income through paying taxes.To the students, it gives them idea in making their own products in their study. Scope and Limitation This study focuses mainly to produce jack fruit seed butter and would not be extent to concern about the other spread products. This study only includes market, technical, management, financial, and other socio-economic aspects of the project. The study will only focus on using jack fruit seed because the proponents have decided to make jack fruit seed butter as its initial product. The study covers a relevant range of exploration about the viability of the product.To gather the needed information, the target respondents, who are the selected customers, and the distributors of the jack fruit seed butter, were asked through survey questioners. Due prudence in making assumption and decision are observed so that the study will represent the real capacity of the prospected business. With all these merits, still this study will be affected by unforeseen and uncontrollable circumstances and changes occurring in the near future. Government taxes, inflation, peso devaluation, and the condition of the country’s economy will likely change the result of the study.Though it is geared with efficiencies, its effectiveness depends also in those that are expected to arise in the environment. Theoretical definition of Terms Jackfruit. is a species of tree in the mulberry family (Moraceae), which is native to parts of Southern and Southeast Asia. (www. wikipedia. org) A trop ical tree with large oval fruit, the yellow flesh and seeds of which is edible. (Dictionary) Jackfruit Seeds. which appeal to all tastes, may be boiled or roasted and eaten, or boiled and preserved in syrup like chestnuts. (www. hort. purdue. edu) Spread. is a food that is spread with a knife onto bread, crackers, or other bread products. www. wikipedia. org) Grinding mill. is a unit operation designed to break a solid material into smaller pieces. (www. wikipedia. org) Is a tool used to crush solid material unto powder or small pieces. (Dictionary) Mixer. is a kitchen appliance intended for mixing, folding, beating, and whipping food ingredients. (www. wikipedia. org) Machine or device used for mixing. (Dictionary) Plastic bottle. is a bottle constructed of plastic, with a neck that is narrower than its body and an opening at the top. (www. wikipedia. org) Plastic hollow necked container use for holding liquids. (Dictionary) Cooking oil. s purified fat of plant origin, which is usu ally liquid at room temperature. (www. wikipedia. org) Use in cooking.It is usually thick liquid that will not mix with water. (Dictionary) Operation definition of terms Jackfruit. this is where the researchers get their main ingredients. Jackfruit Seeds. this is the main ingredients of the product. Spread. this is the product of the researchers Grinding mill. this is used by the researchers to grind the raw ingredients Mixer. this is where the researchers mixed the ingredients. Plastic bottle. this is where the researchers put the product. Cooking oil. his is used by the proponents on roasting the product.Chapter II MARKETING ASPECTMarket StudyThis chapter of the study tackles and discusses the different aspects that must be considered in entering and taking up business. The computation and analysis of demand, supply, demand gap, supply gap, and projected sales that will help to determine the viability of the study. Implementing effective marketing strategies and programs are also included in this chapter to penetrate the target consumers that are patronizing the product. The research method of gathering data and information is also discussed in this chapter.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to identify the market feasibility of the said business. This section has the following objectives:1. To determine the demand for the product.2. To identify the price of the product to be sold.3. To determine the promotional strategies and programs to attract consumer.4. To identify the market gap.Research Methodology Survey questionnaires for gathering information are distributed to respondents located in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblacion areas where the factory is nearly located. Taste test was also used by the researchers to gain some information and feedbacks.Subject of the Study The proponents conducted this study to provide additional selection and taste to the increasing needs of spread in the market. JFS Spread is made available in the potential market of Tanauan City, Batangas to have a new flavor in the spread industry that will surely benefit the consumers. Data Gathering Instrument The descriptive method of research is being employed in this study. It is also used in order to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study and the collection of data to formulate and test hypothesis.Descriptive method is the most appropriate method to meet the purpose of the researchers. The use of questionnaires as a research instrument for gathering information from the respondents and interview guide are used for competitors’ information and data. Data Gathering Procedures The set of questionnaire was distributed by the researcher to gather some information that will help the researchers to have a guide for the product. 15 questions are given to the respondents of the study. The percentage of question no. 1 answers the question on how many consumers are taking sandwich spread.The foll owing questions are to determine on what kind of product that is most likely by the consumer. The projection of the demand and supply are based on question no. 3 and 15. Through taste test, the researchers gain some feedback and commented regarding the product and its appeals to them. Statistical Treatment of Data Statistical Data In order to compute for the sample size and have a reliable results in gathering data, Solvin’s Formula was used. n=N / (1 + Ne? ) 23469 n= 1 + 23469 (. 05) ? n=393. 30 Table 1 Population of the Study Year |Population | |2011 |24098 | |2012 |24744 | |2013 |25407 | |2014 |26088 | |2015 |26787 | The proponents will provide the demand for the product in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblasyon areas that have a growth rate of 2. 68% annually. Demand Demand refers to a consumers’ desire of a product or service with the consumers’ availability to purchase.Quantity demand is the total amount of such effectual desire in a given market with reference to a given commodity at a certain price. Historical Demand Historical Demand is the number of people that consumes spread during the past years. This is based to the researchers gathered information using the question â€Å"Do you take sandwich spread? †which was 90. 84% positively answered by the respondents. Table 2 Historical Demand (nearest to 220g bottles) |Year |Historical Demand | |2005 |18876 |2006 |19395 | |2007 |19930 | |2008 |20478 | |2009 |20799 | Major Consumers of the Product JFS Spread will provide thedemand for the product in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblacion areas. These areas became the major consumers of the researchers due to its location which is near the factory.Knowing the culture of the people in the said location and having a low product cost, purchasing power of consumers would not be a factor in availing the product. Products will be distributed through retail during the first few years o f its operation. Projected Demand Table 3 Projected Demand (nearest to 220g bottles) Year |Total Projected Demand |of Projected Demand | |2011 |1598736 | | |2012 |1641588 | | |2013 |1685580 | | |2014 |1730748 | | |2015 |1777128 | | Table 4 Relationship of Historical Demand and Supply Year |Population of the Study |Historical Demand |Historical Supply | |2005 |24098 |18876 |6336 | |2006 |24744 |19395 |9792 | |2007 |25407 |19930 |10368 | |2008 |26088 |20478 |13824 | |2009 |26787 |20799 |14688 | Table 5 Relationship of Projected Demand and Projected Supply Year |Population of the Study | | | | |2011 |24098 | | | | |2012 |24744 | | | | |2013 |25407 | | | | |2014 |26088 | | | | |2015 |26787 | | | | Supply Supply refers to the total number of good or services that are available in the market place. Historical Supply Historical Supply is the total quantity of products that are sold during the past few years. The researchers gather this data through interviewing and asking the different sup per markets, bakeshops, and other leading suppliers located in Tanauan City, Batangas. Table 6 Historical Supply (nearest 220ml bottles) Year |Supply | |2005 |6336 | |2006 |9792 | |2007 |10368 | |2008 |13824 | |2009 |14688 | Competitors JFS Spread is categorized under spread products and there might be a lot of indirect competitors like Mayonnaise, Cheezwiz, and Leaver Spread, JFS Spread is have its confidence to compete having its own benefits and uniqueness.One of its major competitors is the Peanut Butter which is highly demandable by the consumers. Projected Supply Table 7 Projected Supply (nearest 220g bottles) |Year | | | |2011 | | | |2012 | | |2013 | | | |2014 | | | |2015 | | | Projected Supply and Demand Analysis Market Share Table 8 Projected Market Share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Marketing Analysis Gross market acceptability rate Gross market acceptability share is the number or percentage of c onsumers that will accept our market product. Total Market Acceptability Gross market acceptability rate= Total sample size 279 =x 100 393 = 71% To compute for the net market acceptability: = GMAR – Conservatism = 71% – 20% = 51% Marketing MixThe marketing mix also known as the 4 P's of Marketing, is the combination of product, price, place, and promotion. Product JFS Spread is categorized as healthy spreads that will provide new taste in the spread industry. Product brand name is derived from the name of main ingredient which is Jackfruit Seed. It is rich in protein, vitamin C and A which are good for our health and for eye sight. The need for the product is to satisfy the basic need of the consumer. The consumers are becoming conscious with what are the benefits that they can get from the product. It is expected to change the conventional spread. The product weight is 220g per bottle. The product addresses to the need of alternative for peanut butter that have many b eneficial.The Jackfruit seeds help lower blood pressure because of its high potassium content. This will give a great competitive opportunity to the sandwich spreads industry. [pic] Figure 1 JFS Spread Label Place The researchers choose to establish the business at Barangay Sambat Tanauan City, Batangas. It is located along the highway going to Calabarzon and the supplier of raw materials are said to be near the said location. Shellane, Shell, and Vispo plastic store which serve as the primary supplier of 220g bottle located in Tanauan City Public Market. There is also an easy access to the road and Calabarzon going to Lipa where the supplier of Jackfruit seed is located. PromotionJFS spread, having a unique characteristics and unique ingredients; it triggers the consumers to easily recognize the product these advantages was noted and perform different marketing strategies to highly compete with other competitors.1. Product Demonstration Product demonstration will be done in public markets, super markets, and selected bakeshops where the products will be distributed and available.2. Sampling and Taste Test The researchers implemented this strategy at the beginning of the operation to be introduced to the consumers. It may also help the product to be known.3. Posters, Banners and Leaflets Poster and banners will be posted around the target areas. This strategy is done to inform those consumers who doesn’t go to supper markets.4. Word of Mouth Word of mouth is said to be a way of passing information from one person to another that will be a big help in promoting a product. Having a product with good reputation will easily be known around the target area. Price Having a low cost of raw materials used, the price of the finished product would not be costly. Having this kind of advantage, the product will have a great advantage on its competitors.Chapter III TECHNICAL ASPECTThe Technical aspect is the discussion of the basic and operational flow of the projec t. The technical aspect is one of the essentials of this tudy because this factor responds to the technicalities and basic structure of the proposed study. This includes the list of equipments, materials, structure plan and also the source of the supplies use in the proposed project. Business plans, promotion strategies, utilities, facilities, layout designs and location are included in this chapter. The Product JFS Spread is categorized as healthy spreads that will provide new taste in the spread industry. Product brand name is derived from the name of main ingredient which is Jackfruit Seed. It is rich in protein, vitamin C and A which are good for our health and for eye sight. The need for the product is to satisfy the basic need of the consumer.The consumers are becoming conscious with what are the benefits that they can get from the product. It is expected to change the conventional spread. The product weight is 220g per bottle. The product addresses to the need of alternative for peanut butter that have many beneficial. The Jackfruit seeds help lower blood pressure because of its high potassium content. This will give a great competitive opportunity to the sandwich spreads industry.†¢ It is an excellent energy food that helps to prevent constipation, obesity and contains a small amount of fats.†¢ This may also help to prevent and treat tension and nervousness†¢ It can also help cure ulcer and indigestion.Figure 2 Manufacturing Process Table 9 Raw Materials Ingredients |220g | |Jackfruit Seed |105g | |Sugar |84g | |Salt |1g | |Vegetable oil |30g |Description of the ProcessA. Boil and roast the Jackfruit seed1. Boil the Jackfruit seed2. Roast the Jackfruit seed3. Allow the peanuts to cool after roasting.4. Remove seed coveringB. Add brown sugar, salt, and vegetable oil to form a mixture Jackfruit seed then is added with sugar, salt, and vegetable oil for the taste and form a mixture.C. Put all the mixed ingredients to a food processor1. Mixt ure is put to a food processor that will grind the Jackfruit seed.2. Mix it well to make the mixture smoother.D. Quality Control Output is brought to the quality control department for checking for validation.E. Bottle filling 220g bottle are filled with 220g of the mixture.F. Packaging and Labeling Bottle being field are passed to processing and finishing department for the packaging and labeling of the product.G. Quality control The last and final is checking of the finished product. Table 10 Raw Materials Requirement Materials |Unit |Requirements per batch |Price per batch | |Jackfruit seed |105g | | | |Brown sugar |84g | | | |Vegetable oil |30g | | | |Salt |1g | | | |220g bottle |1pc. | | | Production Schedule Total number of weeks in a year 52 Number of working days in a week 6 (Mon. – Sat. ) Total number of working days in a year 312 (52Ãâ€"6) Number of Legal Holidays 23 Total number of Production Days237 Production ConsumptionAverage production per day 200 (220 g bott le) Number of production days 237 Factory Equipment The researchers decided to use the following equipments like heavy duty stove, refrigerator, saute pan, generator, stainless containers, weighing scale, electric blender, trolleys, pallet, mini truck, company vehicle, and fire extinguisher, to be used and needed in this manufacturing business. The equipment to be purchased as follow: Table 11 Production Equipment |Items |Description |Quality |Unit price |Total price |Life span | |Heavy duty stove |Used for brewing of the ingredients |2 pcs. 1,800 |3,600 |5 yrs | |Saute pan |Used for boiling and roasting of raw |6 pcs. |500 |3,000 |5 yrs | | |materials | | | | | |Refrigerator |For preservation of inventory |2 pcs. |5,000 |10,000 |56 yrs | |electric blender |Used for food processing |4 pcs. |1,000 |4,000 |5 yrs | |Generator |For emergency power supply |1 pc. |15,000 |15,000 |10 yrs | |Fire extinguisher |Used to secure safety in case of fire |4 pcs. 1,250 |5,000 |10 yrs | |Stainless c ontainer |Containers during production |8 pcs. |500 |4,000 |5 yrs | |Weighing scale |For accurate measure of the materials |2 pcs. |2,000 |4,000 |1 yr. | |Trolley |For easy transfer of objects |2 pcs. |600 |1,200 |5 yrs | |Pallet |Product holder |10 pcs. |100 |1,000 |2 yrs | |Company vehicle |For company service |1 pcs. |80,000 |80,000 |10 yrs | |Mini-truck |For the purpose of delivery and getting of|1 pc. 100,000 |100,000 |10 yrs | | |raw materials | | | | | Furniture and Fixtures For making the workplace organized and well presented. The following furniture and fixtures will be needed. Table 12 Furniture and Fixtures |Item |Quality |Unit price |Total amount |Life span | |Tables/ desk |3 pcs. |500 |1,500 |5 yrs | |Chairs |12 pcs. |75 |900 |5 yrs | |Filling cabinet |2 pcs. |1,000 |2,000 |10 yrs | Office EquipmentIn order for the business to operate with better facilities, the following office equipments are required. Table 13 Office Equipment |Item |Quality |Unit price |Total amount |Life span | |Computer (desktop) |1 pc. |15,000 |15,000 |5 yrs. | |Telefax |1 pc. |3,000 |3,000 |10 yrs. | |Air Con |1 pc. |10,000 |10,000 |5 yrs | Manufacturing Supplies Day to day operations of the business requires the following supplies: Table 14 Production Supplies Item |Quality |Unit price |Total amount | |Laboratory gown |6 pcs. |100 |600 | |Gloves |6 pcs. |100 |600 | |Rugs |12 pcs. |5 |60 | |Hand soap |2 pcs. |200 |400 | |Hair net |6 pcs. 30 |180 | Table 15 Office Supplies |Item |Quality |Unit price |Total amount | |Bond paper |1 ream |150 |150 | |Computer ink |1 cartridge |120 |120 | |Receipts |2 ream |100 |200 | |Ball pen |8 pcs. 30 |240 | |Folder |1 box |150 |150 | |Staple wires |5 box |10 |50 | |Paper fasteners |1 box |30 |30 |Utilities The business firm will need utilities in order to run and operate the business.These include the following:†¢ Electricity which is needed in manufacturing process witch is estimated a worth of Php 2000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Batangas Electric Cooperative II (BATELEC).†¢ Water which is needed in sanitizing the equipments, working place, and for food processing which is estimated a worth of Php 1000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Tanauan Water District. Telecommunication that is needed in dealing with inquiries, additional information, product orders, communicating to suppliers, and internet connection for online advertisements which is estimated a worth of Php 2000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDTco. ).†¢ Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in elation with the heavy duty stove which is estimated a worth of Php 3000 in monthly consumption which will be provided by Shellane.†¢ Fuel or Diesel for vehicle purposes which is estimated a worth of Php 8000, which will be provided by Shell. Waste Disposal As an environment – friendly business entity, zero – waste management is made by se paration of biodegradable from non-biodegradable waste.Waste collection will be held based on the garbage collector’s schedule for collecting. Cleaning program is also implemented which cuts the production period an hour earlier for cleaning purposes. Plant Location In putting up a business entity we need to consider the following factors such as nearness to market, accessibility, water, and business supply, transportation and leasing cost in choosing location is the important thing that we need to study. After knowing those things, the researchers choose to establish the business at Brgy. Sambat Tanauan City. The availability of manpower is present and the location is applicable for the business. The transportation also plays a significant role that makes the location accessible.Because it is near at the market, Gasoline Station, Shellaine, Water Station and also to the CALABARZON. [pic] Figure 3 Plant Location [pic] Figure 4 Factory LayoutBoiling and roasting of the Jackfru it seed Add brown sugar, salt, and vegetable oil to form a mixture Put all the mixed ingredients to a food processor NO Quality Control YES Bottle filling Packaging and Labeling Quality control Caltex Plant Location Mini stop Shellane Shell Mc Donalds Jollibee Market 7 eleven Tanauan Crossing GOING TO CALABARZON Inventory area Entrance 300 sq. meters Cashier Mixing Packaging Quality Control Grinding Boiling ; Roasting STORE PARKING AREA
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