Fulbright Research Proposal Essay Example for Free

Fulbright Research Proposal EssayClaudia Ukonu, Netherlands, Interdisciplinary Studies The Effects of User Generated Content on Cross Channel Communication Strategies Summary As a recipient of the 2013-2014 Fulbright Grant I plan to enroll in the Masters in Methodology and Statistics for Behavioural, Biomedical and Social Sciences at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. opus terminate this degree I testament also conduct a explore study where I leave behind seek to answer two questions 1) How Dutch companies engagement cross channel communication strategies to marketplace new products and 2) How user generated content (i. . Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, P use up, etc. ) effects the implementation of those cross channel communication strategies.The study go forth use surveys, interviews and statistical methods to examine purchasing behavior and the relevant results ordain be analyzed with the establishment of an internship at a Dutch market look for firm. My goal in completing this study is to apply the knowledge gained from my Masters paths to the relevant topic of consumer purchasing behavior, which allow for build a solid can for entering a PhD program in Statistics.Introduction Here in the United States Pinterest, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, and Instagram have become the way of projecting a glamorized image of oneself online. The predilection of being modest and not bragging about ones newly purchased Lamborghini or vacation to Tahiti is long gone. Consumers ar now becoming the trendsetters as they now dictate the trends that companies tailor their products around. Examining how user generated content fulfills the Esteem and Love/Belonging parts of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs can be employ as a model for predicting consumer habits.With the creation of social media networks, traditional ways of marketing seem to have little to no relevance. In order for companies to be effective when introducing new products and maintaining exis ting ones, it is vital that they are up to date with current trends in marketing new products through multiple communication channels. While each of these channels may have different demographics (i. e. the age difference between Facebook users and people who read newspapers) the goal of cross channel communication dodging is to ensure that the product being marketed conveys the same message on all channels.This can be a daunting task given the number of communication channels available to companies. Location In 2011, ComScore named the Netherlands as the number one country with the highest LinkedIn and Twitter penetration. This provides the perfect backdrop to see how Dutch companies are not only using cross channel communication strategies but, more specifically, how they are incorporating social media into those strategies. During the grant period I will be under the charge of Dr.Irene Klugkist, Associate Professor of Methodology and Statistics in the Graduate School of Social and Behavioural Sciences at Utrecht University.Methodology Upon arriving in Utrecht I will begin my multiple sclerosis in Methodology and Statistics for Behavioural, Biomedical and Social Sciences at Utrecht University. I will enroll in the following courses for the fall semester Advanced Survey Design and wanting Data Analysis, Multivariate Statistics, Foundations of Statistics, and Computational Inference with R. During the first two months in Utrecht I will spend my time focusing on becoming beaten(prenominal) with the foundations of statistics.In order to obtain accurate results when trying to determine the objectives of the study, it is vital that a selection of study participants is made. The participants will remain the same throughout the course of the study. This will be accomplished with the help of a study participant letter that will outline who I am, my purpose of study, what information I will collect from participants and how that information will be used in the stu dy. I propose that no less than 100 participants be selected for the study. Having more participants will throw overboard for a greater range of differentiation as well as data collection.The first two months of the grant period is also when I will spend time locating the participants of the study. I plan to include participants who are current students and working professionals. The demographics of my study will focus on men and women who are between the ages of 18-35. I am open to the possibility of changing these demographics given that after some time of living in Utrecht, I discover a niche market, to which this studys objectives would be more relevant.The second objectiveHow user generated content (i. e.Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest etc. ) affects the implementation of cross channel communication strategies will be partially addressed in months 3-7 of the grant period. It is during this time that I will track the social behavior of the study participants. Relevant factors to the collection of this data will include the time the post was made on the social network, the content of the post and responses to the original post. Surveys will also be given to participants petition about their desire to purchase items marketed on various communication channels.The first objective of the study will be applied in the form of an internship at a Dutch marketing firm where I will first observe the current cross communication strategies. After doing this, I will analyze the data collected in the first portion of the grant period. This analysis will help to determine whether 1) Consumer purchasing behavior can be predicted on the basis of user generated content and 2) If this behavior can be predicted, how can companies employ this to their advantage. Dr.Klugkist has expressed willingness to help me secure an internship for months 8-9 at a Dutch market research firm.During the internship I will examine the past and existing cross communication strategies of the company while looking at what factors went into the planning of this strategy. Part of the disseminated sclerosis program requires students to participate in a traineeship in their desired field (Behavioural, Biomedical or Social Sciences) in their final year of study. Dr. Klugkist sent my research proposal to Dr.Van Hattum, a former Utrecht student who now works at a market research firm and he expressed interest in having me as a trainee during my final year at Utrecht University.Goal Throughout the study I hope to uncover cross communication opportunities that utilize social media and then use those opportunities as a foundation upon which I will develop new and existing product entry strategies. I will be able to apply this research and the resulting Masters degree to the completion of a PhD in Statistics.

Early Childhood Curriculum and Methods Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood course of instruction and Methods EssayCreative Curriculum is probably the most effective curriculum that would appeal to e rattling type of child. With this curriculum, every performanceivity can be altered to fit the needs of apiece various(prenominal) child, rather than a certain type of child or children. The Waldorf approach to guideing goes hand-in-hand with the Creative Curriculum. They both suggest that acquireing should be sportswoman and filled with interesting activities that lead keep the children leadd in the learning process.This curriculum and approach is perfect for Pre-K children. At this age, the children be getting familiar with the command process and their first impression on learning will stick with them for life. If this is so, why not give them an impression that is filled with good fun and learning, every in one? The Waldorf approach and Creative curriculum relief the learning process by promoting movement and allowing the c hildren to be free to explore their surroundings and learn from their experiences. Pre-K children are constantly moving around and being curious about things around them, therefore, Creative curriculum give the t apieceer a guide of what types of activities to rig out and what affects they will have on the children.The curriculum includes information on childrens development and learning, classroom organization and structure, teaching strategies, instructional goals and objectives, and guidance on how to engage families in their childrens learning. (What Works Clearingho enjoyment) Steiner believed the purpose of education was to allow children the freedom to develop their inner potential. He also believed that learning should be driven by childrens interests and questions. Children should be allowed to freely choose their own activities as their interest is stimulated and curiosity sets in. If the children are engaged in such activities that they choose on their own, learning woul d be more fun.The children get the chance to investigate, problem-solve, and trouble-shoot on their own. With all of this independence, the children should always be encouraged to seek assistance when needed and assistance should be accessible as soon as it is asked for. (Jaruszewicz) The classroom is designed to be intriguing and attention-grabbing to the children to get them enthused about learning. The setup of each area and the materials in each area will contribute to the childrens learning in ways unimaginable. The materials are to be rotated, preferably on a weekly basis, to decrease the chances of boredom. Items should be bright and colorful and should be open-ended, such as paints, clay, and blocks.The classroom must be arranged in a way that respects each individual area and their purposes. Quiet, calm areas, such as Reading, Computer, and Science, should be around each other. Noisy, active areas, such as Blocks, Music, Dramatic Play, and Art should be arranged tight-fitt ing each other. Spacing is also important when the children are in the areas. There should always be adequate spacing to allow the children to move freely without roast over objects and causing harm to themselves or anyone else.Toys in the classroom should stimulate the childrens interest and be used as reference to indirectly teach life skills. Toys such as building blocks, beads, wooden trains and cars, and peg boards are fun for the children, and at the same time, they alleviate the children strengthen everyday muscles that will be used in their everyday lives. Objects have always played a role in educating children, but the concept of an educational device or toy dog to instill specific lessons is only about three hundred years old. (Ogata)Like the concept of the toy, notions of play, creativity, and childhood have been knit together as a modern construction. Embedded in historical and philosophical discussions of play, creativity has had close links with a belief in the posi tive effects of the human imagination. The types of objects, or toys, which are stationed in the areas, will help to draw attention to the activities and reel in the children to engage in them. The use of technology has also been incorporated in the school system. Computer tablets and various educational software are used to help the children learn, too. Some children are familiar with antithetical technology from the home milieu and their interest is in the computer programs.(Ogata) Dramatic play in highly encouraged and the children should be provided with materials that reflect the home environment as much as possible. It is in the dramatic play area where teachers would most likely get familiar with the children as individuals. For some reason, the children open-up in this area than any other area. Children act out things they may have seen on television or in the home. They also name a lot in the dramatic play area. They may pretend to be a chef, cooking a great meal, a wai tress, bringing someone some food, or maybe even a cashier, computation money and giving change. Children love to move. Movement is a part of their lives from the very moment they are born.Children obtain joy and happiness through movement. There are many reasons for providing opportunities for children to move. It has been shown that prime learning and growth comes by and through movement (Andress, 1991). Movement is the primary form of crush oution from a childs earliest days. Even when bringing becomes the major vehicle for expression, a child still falls back on gesture and movement for nuance and emphasis. It is through movement that the child very often finds the only means to manifest deeply felt emotions (Liselott, 1991). A preschool childs primary means of communication is through movement.Movement is both functional and meaningful. Children use movement instinctively, expressing their feelings, thoughts and desires through their bodies, in ways that are spontaneous and imaginative (Taylor, 1975). Creative movement promotes growth in many areas of development, including the physical, mental, social, and emotional. It allows children to develop original thinking, problem-solving skills, and motor skill abilities. The effects of movement naturally overflow into other aspects. Stimulation of these skills and abilities allows children to apply them to the learning of other subjects (Clements, 1995 Gilbert, 1992 Pica, 1990a, 1997, 2000). (Wang)The curriculum should include activities that present the opportunity for each child to participate and be included in them. Because children move around so much and enjoy it, it only makes sense to include movement into the areas to bring up learning. For Math, an activity that allows the children to move and learn would be very successful, such as Hop-Scotch. It can be played with shapes, numbers, or colors. In the Science area, the children can be engaged in some outside play that allows them to investigate the weather and nature, such as kite flying or simply let the children pretend to be the wind.They can also stand still and see if the wind is strong enough to blow them out of their spot and then try to break against a strong wind. A Reading activity that would be beneficial to the children would be to toss bean bags on target letters and make the fathom of the letter when the bean bag lands on it. To enhance the learning, the letters can then be exchanged with sight words. For fine Arts, the children can use different objects to paint, such as spray bottles, water balloons, eye droppers, sponges, and their body (hands and feet) to create works of art. Children should not be restricted to simply using paint brushes to express their artistic interests. They may even think of things on their own to paint with.The teacher in the classroom is expected to be engaged in the activities, as well. Many children adapt to situations by seeing someone else go through them. By having the teac hers model the activities for the children and explain as he/ she goes, the children receive a visual note of the activity, as well as an auditory note. The teacher helps to set the tone for the classroom, so if the children see the teacher enjoying activities and having fun, the chances of the children wanting to get involved in it would increase greatly.Parents play huge parts in the childrens education, too. Without the additional help from parents, the teachers jobs are far more strenuous than if there were cooperating parents helping the children to boost their education through activities that have been expanded to the home environment. The teachers and parents work together to keep the children interested in learning and also lets the children know that they have support when needed to help them. The teacher and the parents can collaborate to enhance the childrens learning experience by having the teacher send home material and apocalyptical activities that coincides with the curriculum for the month.Daily, or perhaps weekly progress reports can be sent home to fill in the parents about what their child/ children have learned, will be learning the following day or week, and what the parents can do to help out. Maybe once a month, there could be parent meetings or training to give the parents some support about their child/ childrens education and how they can help out. Using the Creative curriculum and the Waldorf approach would help to make the childrens learning experience fun and allow them to express themselves creatively and learn at the same time. By incorporating interesting activities and providing materials that spark the childrens interest and allow them to manipulate them and explore them on their own, the childrens learning experience will be very pleasant and one to remember.Jaruszewicz, C. (2012). Curriculum and methods for early(a) childhood educators. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint EducationWhat Works Clearinghouse, (. (2009). The Creativ e CurriculumR for Preschool. WWC Intervention Report. What Works ClearinghouseHargreaves, J. (2008). Risk The Ethics of a Creative Curriculum. Innovations In Education And Teaching International, 45(3), 227-234.Almon, J. (1992). Educating for creative thinking, the Waldorf approach. Revision, 15(2), 71.Wang, J. (2003). The Effects of a Creative Movement Program on Motor Creativity of Children Ages Three to Five.Amy F. Ogata. Creative Playthings Educational Toys and Postwar American Culture. Winterthur Portfolio , Vol. 39, No. 2/3 (Summer/Autumn 2004), pp. 129-156. Published by The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Inc. Article DOI 10.1086/433197. Article Stable URL http//www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/433197

Human Beings Are Capable of Both Great Good and Great Evil Essay Example for Free

Human Beings Are Capable of Both Great Good and Great Evil EssayA brutal persecution has been presented on the family, who of which prayer as kind natured people. As Felix finds an unconscious mind daughter of the late family, he executes a brave proceed, risking his own life for this raw girl- I haul the unconscious girl up onto my back, and stagger through the smoke and sparks. Now not only does this young boy have himself to care for, to protect, to feed, and keep alive, but as well a young girl, who has already seen too much. Great evil was surrounding the lives of many during the holocaust.The twitch of a trigger ending the lifes of hundreds of thousands of Jews. The cobblestones breach my face. The gunshots hurt my ears. I start crying. I dont know what to do. I havent got any more stories. As Felix has reached the city afterwards being captured by the Nazi officers, His beloved friend Zelda, who he saved from a house fire, got captured by Nazi Germans with, walked for days in pouring rain, see far to deeper versions of evil, and assumed things werent right with had just slipped through that slim line, of life and death.After a Nazi officer has held a gun to the young girls head, it has suddenly snapped to Felix, that the Nazis are evil, and want to see nothing less or more than pain. His brave self has once again put another forward himself, speaking up, begging for her life to be unharmed, only for his plead to be replied to with a gunshot. Unaware of whether Zelda was alive, Felix laid on the cobblestone road. In this example, an act of both(prenominal) great good, and great vil have been perceived, whilst Felix was fighting for his life, trying to get his head around what was happening, Nazi officers are shooting at any Jew they wish, treating them like weight in the sea- plentiful. Their heartless selves laugh at the shooting bullets results. Felix doesnt yet fully understand what is going on 1 . The holocaust was a cadence surrou nding WWII, where genocide against all Jewish people in Poland occurred the massive killing lead by Dictator Adolf Hitler. 2 . P. 3 . P. 4 . P. 73

Ethical Issues In Information System Information Technology Essay

Ethical Issues In Information System Information Technology EssayMy egress on this essay is about E-Learning sites the social, overlord, and ethical issues in eLearning sites. This topic is a very wide one as there are various eLearning websites standardized Learn2.com, Blackboard, Intelinfo.com, Worldwildlearn.com, Wannalearn.com, Oasis plus, e.t.c. I will be choosing Oasis plus as my case study because I book use it and Ive seen out it works. First of all in all, as the world is becoming a global world solar daylight by day most University all over the world today revolves around the Internet. This consists of online preservevass or eLearning services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other pith like using the CD-ROM and other electronic government agency to read instead of printed books. This brought about the name eLearning. The spread of high speed Internet among communities and the proliferation of eLearning among people create both opportunities and c hallenges for Websites. On one hand, eLearning may load many of disadvantages associated with an isolated location by decreasing distance, communication, and information cost and increasing access to lower cost suppliers and services. For example Oasis plus, This is an eLearning site which Middlesex university uses, where both student and staffs or proofreaders of Middlesex university can access the site from any part of the world either at home or offices at any condition time to get latest and updated information regarding their studies and academic status all they needed to access the site is the access to the internet web browser, it is very synergetic that student can read or download their lecture slides online as well as getting updated information about their course work, assignment, result status, fortitude of assignment, online judgment e.t.c from any part of the world with just a click of a mouse and they can as well chat with their fellow students and lecturer online with just a click of a mouse on who is online link to interact and get updated information regarding their lectures or assignments submission e.t.cE-LEARNING Sitese-Learning sites are sites with strategic means of teaching method, that focuses on technology within an educational institute that is willing to adopt it however it is non only e- cultivation sites that requires technological innovation it is for business need as well, this is a strategic room of learning or studying that can be achieved by using electronic delivery methods such as internet-based learning delivery packages, online video conferencing, websites or email to Administer the connections between teacher and students. It can also be any virtual act or surgical process that people uses to secure information skills and knowledge via the internet.Advantages of e-learning sitesIt decreases travel cost and time since you can access it from any where you arestudents will have the option to tell apart their learni ng materials that meets their level of learning and interestLearners or students can study wherever they have access to InternetFlexibility to join discussions in the publicise board threaded discussion areas at any hour.improvement of computer and Internet skills that are transferable to other facets of learners livesDisadvantages of e-learning sitesLack of familiar structure and identification numberUnreliable Internet connections can be frustratingSome courses such as traditional hands-on courses can be difficult to simulate unintended learners or those with poor study habits may fall behind.Ethical, Legal, Social and professional issues on e-Learning sitesEthically issues on e-learning sites the ethical issues on e-learning sites mostly start from indelicate usage of this influential resource known as Internet. It is not difficult to cheat on the internet than vis a vis. Students either studying in a university or enroll on an online program can easily acquire fraudulent know ledge or information and use it for their coursework, projects, and Assignments. therefore it is very central that the software product developer for eLearning sites is cautious design and managed with adequate checks and balances to minimize unethical practices by which student can cheat. This ethical issues can be resolved if the e-learning site software developer pay attention to the design of the e-learning site software.Legal issues on e-learning sites There are various legal issues surrounding the use of e-learning sites in studying which we all need to be aware of, The most difficult (and often overlapping) legal issues are found in the areas of copyright, data protection and licensing.Copyright There is an judgement of fair use (unless specified otherwise) that allows reasonable use of materials for private study. Making multiple copies of resources without the express permission of the copyright owner, or a copyright story acknowledging this as a fair use, is not accept able.Data protection The website of the Information Commissioners Office (http//www.ico.gov.uk) quotes eight principles of data protection that apply to all those processing and retentivity personal data. Personal data encompasses both facts and opinions about an individual, and the Data Protection Act applies to any personal information held in a structured file system. Data must be fairly and lawfully processed, processed for limited purposes, adequate, relevant and not excessive, accurate, not kept longer than necessary, processed in conformism with the data subjects rights secure, and not transferred to countries without adequate protection.Licensing The permit is the legal statement of how one can use an e-learning sites copyrighted material. In an educational setting, the license will normally state the number of machines a piece of purchased software may be used on. Normally, educational establishments will need a site license, a multi-user license or many copies of single -user licenses. Software and other resources must be used within the terms of the license.Social issues on e-Learning sitesTo identify the social issues in organic evolution of an e-learning application in an educational institution, I will briefly legalize the introduction of the field of computer ethics as related to social issues. warehousing of data The ease with which data are saved makes the use of surveillance, monitoring and spyware methods really easy from the technical point of view.Unpredictability of identity Present day vague identities make possible stealing other persons identity, forging of a message, or sending a message anonymously like spam for example. There is an ongoing ethical debate about the pros and cons of anonymity.When faced with social problems, a professional should be able to make rational and well-concluded choice that will overthrow the social factors that tend to repudiate the standards set by the education institution.Professional Issues on e-le arning sitesDesigning e-learning environments for quality professional education is a challenge for education designers, as the continuing practice of simply moving courses online can be surprisingly disabling. We argue that as universities strive to educate for excellence in professional practice, design approaches for the e-learning components must be conceptualized in a broader view of a contemporary learning environment involving integrated virtual and physical dimensions. These are comprehensively considered in an integrated way to facilitate learning experiences providing an emphasis on grounded practice. The design of our interface and authoring system is influenced in part by the structure of the e-Learning content. good word or things that should be put in mind when developing e-learning sitesI want to sketch out some best practices strategies for the eLearning. These strategies are not new. near of these strategies are being used in some form in many colleges and universi ties it is use on oasis plus as well, I have compiled a list of what strategies can be implemented within the framework of given software. I myself have pass through some of this strategies when written my online assessment on Oasis plus. The following ways are means to tackle the issues of cheating, plagiarism, and copyright violation within the framework of an eLearning software like oasis plus. They can help to reduce or preventing the issue of cheating, plagiarism and copyright violations.Make online test available for just few days or a day that it would be takenLimit the time on the testOnce chosen answer should not be revisit againSet regardful questions for each student to avoid leakage of answersMake student participate in an online discussion groupGive a short quiz during online sessionStudents should be requested to turn their project in for plagiarism checkConclusionE-Learning site software content and Internet applications have change mode of teaching and learning and have also make new issues around ethics and accountability. The extremity consequence of the eLearning sites has made both advocates and detractors. Some experts say that the winning utilization of eLearning programs appears to hinge primarily on the trust and honesty of the targeted remote learners. But while creating engaging software, program or content, the honesty and integrity of the students is not necessarily a major consideration. thus like in any university traditional programs, the accuracy, right components, controls, activities and evaluation techniques have also become critical issues for eLearning sites. Therefore besides focusing on the look and fill of the e-learning site, close attention should be paid to the design, quality of content, delivery practices and management of eLearning sites.

Defining And Understanding Common Sense Justice

Defining And Understanding car park Sense JusticeThe delivery of the black-letter jurisprudence has non been satisfactory to both the society and the jurors. Jurors coming to the box may walk out dissatisfied with how the verdict is delivered and the verdict itself. Of interest in particular is how the integrity deals with devastation penalty and hallucination cases. Common spirit justice is viewed as a possible alternative to resolving these cases, as it is considered to be rational and highly nuanced. This root go away focus on chthonianstanding the theory of commonsense justice, the view of jurors of commonsense justice versus the black-letter law, and comparing the outcomes of using these laws in resolving insanity and dying penalty cases.IntroductionCommon sense justice is a reflection of what people think is just and fair. According to Finkel (1995), there are two types of law the law of the books which refers to the constitutional law, the enactments by parliament, t he law that evolves through common law cases and appeal decisions, taught in law school and applied in the courts and common sense justice (p.669). Different from the law of the books, common sense justice refers to the pre-existing beliefs about laws, the legal system and other issues that may be relevant to the rill process bringing with them to the jury box when judging both a defendant and the law. In essence, commonsense justice is concerned with peoples everyday concepts of fairness and justice. The jurors picture it hard to apply black- letter laws since they are inconsistent with what they know as fairness and justice. The view that commonsense justice is that judges, being the conscience of society ought to expenditure what society views as fair and just as opposed to the dictates of black-letter law which is not in tandem with the conscience of society.Theory of commonsense justice in that location was evidence in some cases jurors were not following the law. The jury i s required to strictly follow the instructions given to the judge and reach a verdict based on evidence and the law. This is a consequence of their coming into knowledge that the black-letter law in some varying degrees is in disagreement with commonsense law. accordingly jurors tend to reject these rigid and objective rules and adopt subjective views. Though jurors are given instructions to make judgment using the objective criteria, they oft resort to base the judgments on the subjective views of defendants and viewers. In addition, jurors base judgment on context and construing, by using hindsight to justify events and interpreting facts in companionship to identify what led to the ca physical exertion as well as ascertain the intentions. Following this, critics have claimed that jurors do not comprehend the judges instructions part others assert that jurors deliberately disregard or nullify the judges instructions. .Centrally and critically, Finkel adds, the question that ar ises is whether we should follow the path laid by friendship sentiment, or should community follow the path the law has laid? (p.1). It is what ordinary people think the law ought to be. Hence, Finkel (2001) says that the courts have turned gradually to objective ways of considering community sentiment, in order to determine if the punishment for a crime disproportionate at least, according to the community (p.4).The quest for common sense justice is prompted by the annotation that common sense justice and the black-letter law could be disparate in their view of human nature, culpability and punishment. The differences lie in the framing of the cases, how the delimiting of the factors of culpability is through and how the factors are weighed. Admittedly, Finkel (1995) says that common sense justice culpability psychoanalysis does not match that of black-letter law. CSJ harshest critics have signalised it as fusing, confounding and confusing, especially when a wrongful decision was made. On the other hand, critics of black-letter law insist that the approach used in the organises that provide justice in the society could themselves be the source of oppression, since the unacquainted(p) party may be to a case falsely accused. In fact, Kumachiro (2004), gives commonsense even a wider perspective when he intimates that oppression sometimes manifests itself in ways that are easily recognized and condemned by most people (p.15). There is more to oppression than what we know injustice based on the structure of everyday life, exemplified by the assumptions underlying major and minor institutions, rationales that support personal and collective choices. Kumachiro (2004) argues that those who benefit from the decisions made in courts and other structural institutions by judge the dominant group common sense are actually abusing justice, while they remain oblivious of the more dangerous and pervasive type, which is structural oppression (p.102). coat of commonsen se law to death penalty and insanity trialsCommon sense justice has been applied in cases involving insane defendants with a degree of success. According to Mitchell(1999), Common sense notions of justice stipulate that those who create the conditions for their deliver defense lawyers should be held more culpable, exemplified by those whose incapacity has been caused by automatism or self-induced intoxication (p.597). The law holds that insanity can only be used as a defense if at the time of committing the crime the defendant had a mental condition that damage his cognitive abilities to the extent that the defendant was unaware of the nature and the quality of the act, or the knowledge that the act was wrong. Mitchell (1999) argues that according to this law the defendants are treated as exculpatory actors under the influence of a condition over which they have no realize (p.598). The results of a study done with 263 mock jurors without instructions, who were required to use t heir own best judgment to decide four insanity cases showed that jurors do make discriminations among cases in terms of constructs, which are relevant, complex and flexible (p.287). This realization opens the door for the use of commonsense justice.Possibilities of exclusion of fault upon the raising of the insanity defense were suspected. Mitchell (1999) interprets that a defendants criminal responsibility may to a certain extent be under autonomous control (p.598). This is due to the fact that not all defendants with mental disorder lack autonomous component in their judgment. Meta-Responsibility (MR) is the term used to describe the notion that a defendants criminal responsibility could to some degree be attributable to autonomous control. In that connection, it .A Case of meta-responsibility arises from such issues as medicament non-compliance, substance abuse, which results from not taking responsibility over ones situation. This is termed as consensual meta-responsibility. Acc ording to Mitchell, (1999), Purposive meta-responsibility arises from the antipsychiatric notion that the mental disorder represents strategic and willful behavior on the part of the patient in an attempt to influence his personal and social situation (p.598). The law that stipulates when insanity can amount to a defense was accepted only to the extent that the absence of mental control on the side of the defendant is not produced by his own default.Causal process is observed only in intoxication that has brought out the insanity in appellate cases, even when there is adequate legal machinery to consider absence of mental control inflicted on others. Involuntary intoxication is excused but in a case of voluntary intoxication, one is deemed to have created the conditions for his defense hence he will be criminally answerable to the injury he may do while in this condition and will be found of recklessness. In consultation to Mitchell (1999), the case R. v Caldwell (1981), ruled th at self- induced intoxication is not a defense to any crime in which recklessness is enough to constitute the compulsory mens rea (p.600).The law gives the jury sentencing discretion when it comes to capital offences. The eighth amendment states the circumstances under which a persons life may be terminated According Donohue (2006), data analysis on the deterrent effect of death penalty, the results were not significant. While the argument that death penalties is qualitatively reasonable, its quantitative significance may be minimal (p.3. loving science has shown that the act if killing is for others to learn, or deter others from killing, then, the mission of the death penalty is lost, since it does not produce the anticipated results.As far as death penalties are concerned, common sense justice theories of causation and culpability appear rational and highly nuanced. In reference to Finkel (1995), common sense justice is at once legal, moral and psychological (p.669). The verdic t is that the jury should play a role in correcting the legal excesses of the legislature using commonsense justice since the latter(prenominal) is more deliberative and conscious, and quite sensitive to foundational issues of justice (p.5).In conclusion, Baldus assertive position that the death penalty experience for the last twenty geezerhood was a failure and that the system should be declared unconstitutional sounds convincing. This position was influenced by the cumulative evidence of arbitrariness, discrimination, and miscarriage of justice documented over the twenty years considered.

Free Admissions Essay - Healing Old Wounds :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay -Healing Old Wounds Modest one-room houses lay scattered across the resign landscape. Their rooftops a seemingly helpless shield against the intense heat generated by the mid-July sun. The steel security bars that guarded the windows and doors of every house seemed to belie the wide welcome sign at the entrance to the ABC Indian Reservation. As a young civil engineer employed by the U.S. Army corps of Engineers, I was far removed from my cubical in downtown Los Angeles. However, I felt I was well-prepared to conduct my first project proposal. The project involved a $500,000 repair of an earthen levee surrounding an active Native American burial site. A fairly inexpensive and straightforward job by federal standards, exactly nonetheless I could hardly contain my excitement. Strict federal construction guidelines laden with a generous portion of technical jargon danced through my base on balls as I stepped up to the podium to greet the twelve tribal council membe rs. My premature confidence quickly disappeared as they confronted me with a troubled ancient gaze. Their faces revealed centuries of suspiciousness and broken government promises. Suddenly, from a design based solely upon abstract engineering principles an additional kind dimension emerged - one for which I had not prepared. The calculations I had crunched over the past several months and the abstract engineering principles simply no longer applied. Their potential impact on this community was clearly evident in the faces before me. With perspiration forming on my brow, I decided I would need to take a new approach to salvage this meeting. So I put away my rehearsed speech, stepped out from behind the safety of the podium, and began to solicit the council members questions and concerns. By the end of the afternoon, our efforts to establish a cooperative working relationship had resulted in a distinct respite in the mood of the meeting. Although I am not saying we erased centuri es of mistrust in a single day, I feel certain our steps towards change relations and trust produced a successful project. I found this opportunity to humanize my engineering project both personally and professionally rewarding. Unfortunately, experiences like it were not common. I realized early in my career that I needed a profession where I can more frequently incorporate human interaction and my interests in science. After two years of working as a civil engineer, I enrolled in night school to explore a medical career and test my aptitude for pre-medical classes.

Lord Of The Flies Development :: essays research papers

How Do the Main Characters in Lord of the Flies Develop in the First Six Chapters?In Lord of the Flies, William Golding experiments with what could happen to a group of young of boys left in new surroundings with no adults present. The main characters of this novel are quickly established and are the oldest or tallest of the boys. all the characters change and develop enormously over the period of time when they hurt to adjust to living on the island.The reader is introduced to Ralph first, as the boy with fair sensory hair. Ralph enjoys standing on his head and shows how impulsive he is when he dives straight into the water. This suggests that he has little common sense and so may be irresponsible. He excessively appears to be a daydreamer and is convinced that his father will rescue him so does not face the reality of what has actually happened.how does he hunch forward were here?because, thought Ralph because because.Ralphs father being in the navy could mean that Ralph has had a privileged upbringing which might be why he feels shining to Piggy and doesnt think much of him. This is shown when Ralph orders Piggy to get my clothes, and when he broke his promise by telling the boys his nickname was Piggy. Ralph had possession of the conch, employ it to bring the boys together and had a good physique (tall, blonde, built like a boxer), so he easily earned the respect of the boys and was nowadays accepted. There was a stillness about Ralph that marked him outhis size and attractive appearance, most obscurely the conchThe first thing Ralph says as leader is I cant decide what to do straight of. He does not display authority or apply a task to anyone, so the boys have to find their own things to do, so he does not seem to have the qualities to make a good leader. However, the fact that his main priority is to get bring through and build shelters to survive, and that he tries to keep the island civilised shows that his common sense is developing.Similar t o most other boys, Ralph enjoyed the absence of adults on the island and the island itself. Everyone wanted to have fun, but Ralph also wanted to be rescued so understood the importance of the fire. By the third chapter Ralph feels depressed because he cannot convince the boys of the necessity of the shelters.